Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of esters and amides
Author(s)
Shinabery, Ryan Spence.
Download1221004460-MIT.pdf (11.33Mb)
Other Contributors
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry.
Advisor
Stephen L. Buchwald.
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Over the last 40 years, great strides have been made in the use of palladium as both a catalyst and a reagent for a multitude of chemical transformations that have had tremendous impacts all walks of life from material science to the development and large-scale synthesis of new, novel pharmaceuticals. One such class of reactions is the palladium-catalyzed functionalization of the [alpha]-position of carbonyl compounds using aryl halides. When compared to palladium catalyzed C-N bond forming reactions, these reactions have been understudied and underutilized. Herein we report our efforts towards the development of the [alpha]-arylation of ethyl acetate by using a continuous flow reactor and a unique lithium amide base. Lessons learned from these studies lead to the development of a simple, one-pot protocol for the mono-[alpha]-arylation of amides under palladium catalysis. Previously reported palladium catalyzed [alpha]-arylations of amides with aryl halides required relatively high catalyst loadings, the use of a glove box, excess ligand, pyrophoric reagents, high temperatures or extended reaction times. This protocol affords the desired mono-[alpha]-arylated amide products in good to excellent yields using 1-2 mol % catalyst loading at ambient temperature in as little as two hours.
Description
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2019 Cataloged from the PDF of thesis. "The Table of Contents does not accurately represent the page numbering"--Disclaimer page. Includes bibliographical references.
Date issued
2019Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of ChemistryPublisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Keywords
Chemistry.