Abstract:
Most advanced oxidation processes use the hydroxyl radical (OH) to treat pollutants found in wastewater and contaminated aquifers because OH reacts with numerous compounds at near diffusion-limited rates. OH can be made by reacting hydrogen peroxide (H202) with either Fe(II) (the Fenton reaction), Fe(1), or iron oxide. This dissertation investigated the factors that influence the decomposition rates of H202 and organic compounds, as well as the generation rate of -OH (VoH), in the presence of dissolved Fe(IH) and iron oxide. The Fe(III)-initiated chain reaction could be the dominant mechanism for the decomposition of H202 and organic compounds. The degradation rates of H14COOH, an OH probe, and H202 were measured in experiments at pH 4 containing either dissolved Fe(III) or ferrihydrite. Combined with the results from experiments using a radical chain terminator, we concluded that a solution chain reaction was important only in the Fe(III) system. In the ferrihydrite system the amount of dissolved Fe was insufficient to effectively propagate the chain reaction. In addition, a nonradical producing H202 loss pathway exists at the oxide surface. The oxidation rate of any dissolved organic compound can be predicted from VOH if the main sinks of -OH in the solution are known. Experiments using H14COOH and ferrihydrite, goethite, or hematite showed that VOH was proportional to the product of the concentrations of surface area and H202. Based on these results, a model was created for predicting the pseudo-first-order oxidation rate coefficients of dissolved organic compounds (korg) in systems containing iron oxide and H202. While our model successfully predicted korg in aquifer sand experiments, it yielded mixed results when compared to measurements from previously published studies.(cont.) Some factors that could have caused the disagreements between model predictions and measurements were examined to refine our model. Results from experiments containing goethite, H 4COOH, and 2-Chlorophenol showed that H 4COOH detected more OH, which is produced at the oxide surface, than did 2-Chlorophenol. This was attributed to electrostatic attraction between the formate anions and the positively charged oxide surface, and could explain why our model, based on H14COOH, overpredicted the korg values of many neutral compounds.
Description:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references.
