Browsing Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Reports by Title

Now showing items 162-181 of 329

    • The Impact of Climate Policy on Carbon Capture and Storage Deployment in China 

      Zhang, X.; Qi, T.; Zhang, X. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2015-12)
      Carbon capture and storage (CCS) from coal combustion is widely viewed as an important approach for China’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emission mitigation, but the pace of its development is still fairly slow. In addition to the ...

    • The Impact of Climate Policy on U.S. Aviation 

      Winchester, Niven; Wollersheim, C.; Clewlow, R.; Jost, N.C.; Paltsev, Sergey; e.a. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-04)
      We evaluate the impact of an economy-wide cap-and-trade policy on U.S. aviation taking the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R.2454) as a representative example. We use an economywide model to estimate the ...

    • The Impact of Coordinated Policies on Air Pollution Emissions from Road Transportation in China 

      Kishimoto, P.N.; Karplus, V.J.; Zhong, M.; Saikawa, E.; Zhang, X.; e.a. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2016-07)
      Improving air quality across mainland China is an urgent policy challenge. While much of the problem is linked to China’s broader reliance on coal and other fossil fuels across the energy system, road transportation is an ...

    • Impact of emissions, chemistry, and climate on atmospheric carbon monoxide : 100-year predictions from a global chemistry-climate model 

      Wang, Chien.; Prinn, Ronald G. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1998-04)
      The possible trends for atmospheric carbon monoxide in the next 100 yr have been illustrated using a coupled atmospheric chemistry and climate model driven by emissions predicted by a global economic development model. ...

    • The Impact of Oil Prices on Bioenergy, Emissions and Land Use 

      Winchester, N.; Ledvina, K. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2016-10)
      We evaluate how alternative future oil prices will influence the penetration of biofuels, energy production, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and other outcomes. Our analysis employs a global economy wide model and ...

    • Impact of Sulfur and Carbonaceous Emissions from International Shipping on Aerosol Distributions and Direct Radiative Forcing 

      Wang, Chien.; Kim, Dongchul. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-04)
      We describe in this report an effort using the MIT/NCAR three-dimensional aerosol-climate model to study the impact of ship emissions on chemical composition and radiative forcing of aerosols. Our results indicate that ...

    • The Impact of Water Scarcity on Food, Bioenergy and Deforestation 

      Winchester, N.; Ledvina, K.; Strzepek, K.; Reilly, J.M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2016-07)
      We evaluate the impact of explicitly representing irrigated land and water scarcity in an economy-wide model on food prices, bioenergy production and deforestation both with and without a global carbon policy. The analysis ...

    • Impacts of CO2 Mandates for New Cars in the European Union 

      Paltsev, S.; Chen, Y.-H.H.; Karplus, V.; Kishimoto, P.; Reilly, J. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2015-05)
      CO2 emissions mandates for new light-duty passenger vehicles have recently been adopted in the European Union (EU), which require steady reductions to 95 g CO2/km in 2021. Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, ...

    • Impacts of Land Use and Biofuels Policy on Climate: Temperature and Localized Impacts 

      Hallgren, Willow; Schlosser, Adam; Monier, Erwan (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2012-08-06)
      The impact on climate of future land use and energy policy scenarios is explored using two landuse frameworks: (i) Pure Cost Conversion Response (PCCR), or 'extensification', where the price of land is the only constraint ...

    • Implementation of a Cloud Radiative Adjustment Method to Change the Climate Sensitivity of CAM3 

      Sokolov, Andrei P.; Monier, Erwan (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-08)
      Conducting probabilistic climate projections with a particular climate model requires the ability to vary the model’s characteristics, such as its climate sensitivity. In this study, we implement and validate a method to ...

    • Implications of Climate Science for Policy 

      Jacoby, H.D. (MIT Joint Program, 2013-07-18)
      Climate change presents the greatest challenge ever faced by our domestic and international institutions, and a great deal of the difficulty lies in the science of the issue. Because human influence on global climate differs ...

    • Incentive-based approaches for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions : issues and prospects for India 

      Gupta, Shreekant. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2002-06)
      As a consequence of the flexibility mechanisms incorporated in the Kyoto Protocol, incentive-based policies such as emissions trading and the clean development mechanism are being widely discussed in the context of greenhouse ...

    • Induced technical change and the cost of climate policy 

      Sue Wing, Ian. (2003-09)
      This paper investigates the potential for a carbon tax to induce R&D, and for the consequent induced technical change (ITC) to lower the macroeconomic cost of abating carbon emissions. ITC is modelled within a general ...

    • Influence of Air Quality Model Resolution on Uncertainty Associated With Health Impacts 

      Thompson, T.M.; Selin, N.E. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-12)
      We evaluate the uncertainty associated with regional air quality modeling grid resolution when calculating the health benefits of proposed air quality regulations. Using a regional photochemical model (CAMx), we ran two ...

    • The Influence of Gas-to-Liquids and Natural Gas Production Technology Penetration on the Crude Oil-Natural Gas Price Relationship 

      Ramberg, D.J.; Chen, Y.-H.H.; Paltsev, S.; Parsons, J.E. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2015-12)
      The paper examines conditions under which gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology penetration shifts the crude oil-natural gas price ratio. Technologies that enable direct substitution across fuels, as GTL does, may constrain the ...

    • The Influence of Shale gas on U.S. Energy and Environmental Policy 

      Jacoby, H.D.; O'Sullivan, F.M.; Paltsev, S. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-11)
      The emergence of U.S. shale gas resources to economic viability affects the nation’s energy outlook and the expected role of natural gas in climate policy. Even in the face of the current shale gas boom, however, questions ...

    • The Influence on Climate Change of Differing Scenarios for Future Development Analyzed Using the MIT Integrated Global System Model 

      Prinn, Ronald G.; Paltsev, Sergey; Sokolov, Andrei P.; Sarofim, Marcus C.; Reilly, John M.; e.a. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-09)
      A wide variety of scenarios for future development have played significant roles in climate policy discussions. This paper presents projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, sea level rise due to thermal expansion ...

    • Informing Climate Policy Given Incommensurable Benefits Estimates 

      Jacoby, Henry D. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004-02)
      The determination of long-term goals for climate policy, or of near-term mitigation effort, requires a shared conception among nations of what is at stake. Unfortunately, because of different attitudes to risk, problems ...

    • An Integrated Assessment Framework for Uncertainty Studies in Global and Regional Climate Change: The IGSM-CAM 

      Monier, Erwan; Scott, Jeffery R.; Sokolov, Andrei P.; Forest, Chris E.; Schlosser, C. Adam (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2012-06-18)
      This paper describes an integrated assessment framework for uncertainty studies in global and regional climate change. In this framework, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Integrated Global System Model (IGSM), ...

    • An Integrated Assessment of China’s Wind Energy Potential 

      Zhang, D.; Davidson, M.; Gunturu, B.; Zhang, X.; Karplus, V.J. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2014-04)
      Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models seeking to evaluate the impacts of electricity policy face difficulties incorporating detail on the variable nature of renewable energy resources. To improve the accuracy of ...