Readings

Aristotle. The Politics. In Aristotle: The Politics and Constitution of Athens. Edited by Stephen Everson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, Book III, Chap. 6-12 (pp. 69-80), Chap. 18 (p. 91), Book IV, Chap. 1-2 (pp. 91-94).

"Cleavage Structures and Electoral Change." In Representative Government in Modern Europe. Edited by Peter Gallagher, Michael Laver, and Peter Mair. McGraw Hill, 2000.

"Country Survey of Brazil." The Economist, 27 March-2 April 1999.

Dahl, Robert. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971, pp. 1-16.

Dawisha, Adeed, and Karen Dawisha. "How to Build a Democratic Iraq." Foreign Affairs, May/June 2003, 82 no. 3.
Available on-line at http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20030501faessay11218/adeed-i-dawisha-karen-dawisha/how-to-build-a-democratic-iraq.html.

de Soto, Hernando. The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World. New York: Harper & Row, 1989, pp. 131-155.

"Democracy's Difficulties." The Economist, 27 March-2 April 1999, pp. 7-9.

"The Devaluing of a Presidency." The Economist, 27 March-2 April 1999, pp. 3-5.

Diamond, Larry. "Is the Third Wave Over?" Journal of Democracy 7, no. 3 (July 1996). 

Eckstein, Harry. "A Cultural Approach to Political Change."

"Elections, Electoral Systems, and Referendums." In Representative Government in Modern Europe. Edited by Peter Gallagher, Michael Laver, and Peter Mair. McGraw Hill, 2000.

"A Federation in Dispute." The Economist, 27 March-2 April 1999, pp. 13-18.
 
Hertzberg, Hendrik. "Framed Up: What the Constitution Gets Wrong." New Yorker, July 29, 2002.
(Summary and review of Robert Dahl, How Democratic is the American Constitution?)

Fukuyama, Francis. "The End of History?" National Interest 16 (Summer 1989): 3-19.

Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. London: Penguin Classics, pp. 183-188, 227-228.

Hoffman-Lange, Ursula. "Germany: Twentieth Century Turning Points." In Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes. Edited by Mattei Dogan and John Higley. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998, pp. 170-174. 

Inglehart, Ronald, and Marita Carballo. "Does Latin America Exist? (And is There a Confucian Culture?): A Global Analysis of Cross-Cultural Differences." PS: Political Science and Politics 30 (March 1997): 34-46.

Karl, Terry, and Philippe C. Schmitter. "What Democracy is... and is Not." Journal of Democracy 2, no. 3 (Summer 1991): 75-86.

Lawson, Chappell. "How Best to Build Democracy: Laying a Foundation for the New Iraq." Foreign Affairs, July/August 2003, 82 no. 4.
Available on-line at http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20030701faresponse82418/chappell-lawson/how-best-to-build-democracy-laying-a-foundation-for-the-new-iraq.html.

Lawson, Chappell, and Strom Thacker. "Will Iraq Become a Democracy."

Lepsius, M. Ranier. "From Fragmented Party Democracy to Government by Emergency Degree and National Socialist Takeover: Germany." In The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Europe, by Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978, pp. 34-79.

Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999, Chap. 8 and 10.

Lijphart, Arend, ed. Parliamentary versus Presidential Government. Introduction and Chap. 1, 2, 6-8, 14, 29-32. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lipset, Seymour Martin. "Economic Development and Democracy." In Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981, pp. 27-63.

Lipset, Seymour Martin. "'Fascism' - Left, Right, and Center." In Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981, pp. 127-152.

Lopes, Juarez Brandão. "Obstacles to Economic Reform in Brazil." In Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. Edited by Arend Lijphart and Carlos Waisman. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996, pp. 195-218.

Madison, James. "Federalist No. 10." In The Federalist Papers. Edited by Isaac Kramnick. London: Penguin Books, 1987 [1788], pp. 122-28.

Mainwaring, Scott. "Presidentialism in Latin America." In Parliamentary versus Presidential Government. Edited by Arend Lijphart. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 111-117.

Marx, Karl, and Frederich Engels. Manifesto of the Communist Party: Part I. In The Marx-Engels Reader. Edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978, pp. 473-83.

Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press, 1966, pp. 413-432 (Chapter 7).

Morris, Stephen D. "Corruption and the Mexican Political System: Continuity and Change." Third World Quarterly 20, no. 3 (1999): 623-643.

Olson, Mancur. "Big Bills Left on the Sidewalk: Why Some Nations are Rich, and Others Poor." Journal of Economic Perspectives 10, no. 2 (1994): 3-24.

Oppenheimer, Andres. Bordering on Chaos. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996, pp. 289-294.

Overy, Richard. The Historical Atlas of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin, 1996, pp. 8-21.

Pastor, Manuel and Carol Wise. "The Politics of Second-Generation Reform." Journal of Democracy 10, no. 3 (1999): 34-48.

Przeworski, Adam, and Fernando Limongi. "Modernization: Theories and Facts." World Politics 49 (January 1997): 155-193.

Przeworski, Adam, and Fernando Limongi. "Political Regimes and Economic Growth." Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 3 (1993): 51-69.

Putnam, Robert. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Rodden, Jonathan. "Federalism and Decentralization: On Meaning and Measurement." (unpublished paper)

Schamis, Hector. "Argentina: Crisis and Democratic Consolidation." Journal of Democracy 13, no. 2 (April 2002): 81-94.
 
Sen, Amartya. "Democracy as a Universal Value." Journal of Democracy 10, no. 3 (1999): 3-17.

Shively, W. Phillips. "The Modern State." Chapter 3 in Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. Boston: McGraw Hill.

"A Sorry State." The Economist, 27 March-2 April 1999, pp. 9-12.

Stepan, Alfred. "Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model." Journal of Democracy 10, no. 4 (October 1999): 19-33.

Taylor, A. J. P. "History Unfolds, 1918-1933." In The Nazi Revolution: Germany's Guilt or Germany's Fate? Edited by John L. Snell. Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1959, pp. 19-26.

Treisman, Daniel. "The Causes of Corruption: A Cross-National Study." Journal of Public Economics 76, no. 3 (June 2000): 399-457.

Turner, Henry Ashby. Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1996, pp. 1-2, 163-183. 

Weber, Max. "Class, Status, and Party." In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946, pp. 180-186.

Weingast, Barry. "The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 11, no. 1 (1995).