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Readings

The readings listed below provide the foundation of this course. Click on the links to view abstracts for the journal articles, where available. Readings are arranged by topic.
Water

Ball, Philip. Life’s Matrix. University of California Press, 2001.

Matthews, Christopher K., and K. E. Van Holde. Biochemistry. 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company, 1996.

Amino Acids

Stryer, Lubert. Biochemistry. 4th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1995.

Zubay, Geoffrey. Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: W. C. Brown Publishers, 1993.

Matthews, Christopher K., and K. E. Van Holde. Biochemistry. 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company, 1996. 

Branden, Carl, and Tooze, John. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

Primary and Secondary Structures of Proteins

Dickerson, Richard. The Structure and Action of Proteins. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1969.

Pauling, Linus. The Nature of Chemical Bond: Structural Properties. 2nd ed. New York: Cornell University Press, 1960.

Branden, Carl, and John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

Helices

Dickerson, Richard. The Structure and Action of Proteins, 1969.

Pauling, Linus. The Nature of Chemical Bond: Structural Properties, 2nd ed. New York: Cornell University Press, 1960.

Branden, Carl, and John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

Crick, Fancis. "The packing of a-helices: Simple Coiled-Coils." Acta. Cryst 6 (1953): 689-697.

O'Shea, E. K., J. D. Klemm, P. S. Kim, and T. Alber. X-ray structure of the GCN4 leucine zipper, a two-stranded, parallel coiled coilScience 254 (1991): 539-44.

Lovejoy, B., S. Choe, D. Cascio, D. K. McRorie, W. F. DeGrado, and D. Eisenberg. Crystal structure of a synthetic triple-stranded alpha-helical bundleScience 259 (1993): 1288-93.

Lumb, K. J., and P. S. Kim. Measurement of interhelical electrostatic interactions in the GCN4 leucine zipperScience 268 (1995): 436-9.

Kohn, W. D., C. T. Mant, and R. S. Hodges. Alpha-helical protein assembly motifsJ Biol Chem 272 (1997): 2583-6. Review.

Beta-Sheets 

Pauling, Linus, and Robert B. Corey. "The Pleated Sheet, a new layer configuration of polypeptide chains." PNAS 37 (May 15, 1951): 251-256.

Pauling, Linus, and Robert B. Corey. "Configurations of Polypeptide Chains with Favored Orientations around Single Bonds: two new pleated sheets."  PNAS 37, no. 5 (May 15, 1951): 729-740.

X-Ray Crystallography

Branden, Carl, and John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

NMR

Branden, Carl, and John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

Tools Used in Study and Analyses of Molecular Structures (II): Circular Dichroism, Raman, FTIR, AFM, TEM, SEM, Light Scattering

Branden, Carl, and John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

Transition: Molecular Structure of Other Fibrous Proteins

Branden, Carl, and John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.

Creighton, Thomas. Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993.

Molecular Structure of Collagen

Ayad, Shirley, et. al. The Extracellular Matrix Factsbook. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: AP Factsbooks, 1998.

Yurchenco, Peter, et al., eds. Extracellular Matrix Assembly & Structure. San Diego, CA: AP, 1994.

Ramachandran, G. N., ed. Treaties on Collagen. San Diego, CA: AP, 1967.

Pauling, Linus, and Robert B. Corey. "The Structure of Fibrous Proteins of the Collagen-Gelatin Group."  PNAS 37, (1951): 272-281.

Highberger, John, Jerome Gross, and Francis Schmitt. "The Interaction of Microportein with Soluble Collagen; and Electron Microscope Study." PNAS 37 (1951): 286-293. 

Rich, Alexander, and Francis Crick. "The Structure of Collagen." Nature 176, (1955): 915-916.

Rich, A. "Follow that Fiber." Nat Struct Biol. 5, 8 (Aug 1998): 675.

———. "Chasing Collagen." Nat Struct Biol. 5, 9 (Sep 1998): 760.

———. "Structure of Collagen." Nat Struct Biol. 5 ,10 (Oct 1998): 858-9.

Bella, J., M. Eaton, B. Brodsky, and H. M. Berman. "Crystal and molecular structure of a collagen-like peptide at 1.9 A resolution." Science 266, 5182 (7 Oct 1994): 75-81.

Bella J, B. Brodsky, and H. M. Berman. "Hydration Structure of a Collagen Peptide." Structure 3, 9 (15 Sep 1995): 893-906.

Kramer R. Z., J. Bella, B. Brodsky, and H. M. Berman. "The crystal and molecular structure of a collagen-like peptide with a biologically relevant sequence." J Mol Biol. 311, 1 (3 Aug 2001): 131-47.

Engel J, and D. J. Prockop. "Does bound water contribute to the stability of collagen?Matrix Biol. 17, 8-9 (Dec 1998): 679-80.

Pauling, Linus, and Robert B. Corey. "The Structure of Feather Rachis Keratin."  PNAS 37, 5 (15 May 1951): 256-261.

Silk

Kaplan, David, Wade Adams, Barry Farmer, and Christopher Viney, eds. Silk Polymers: Materials Science & Biotechnology. ACS Sympoisum Series 544, (1993).

Van Beek, J. D., L. Beaulieu, H. Schafer, M. Demura, T. Asakura, and B. H. Meier. "Solid-state NMR determination of the secondary structure of Samia cynthia ricini silk." Nature 405, 6790 (29 Jun 2000): 1077-9.

Tirrell, D. A. "Putting a new spin on spider silk." Science 271, 5245 (5 Jan 1996): 39-40.

Hayashi, C. Y., and R. V. Lewis. "Molecular architecture and evolution of a modular spider silk protein gene." Science 287, 5457 (25 Feb 2000): 1477-9.

———. "Evidence from flagelliform silk cDNA for the structural basis of elasticity and modular nature of spider silks."  J Mol Biol. 275, 5 (6 Feb 1998): 773-84.

Mita, K., S. Ichimura, M. Zama, and T. C. James. "Specific codon usage pattern and its implications on the secondary structure of silk fibroin mRNA." J Mol Biol. 203, 4 (20 Oct 1988):917-25.

Mori, S., S. Izumi, and S. Tomino. "Structures and organization of major plasma protein genes of the silkworm Bombyx mori." J Mol Biol. 218, 1 (5 Mar 1991): 7-12.

Valluzzi, R., S. Winkler, D. Wilson, and D. L. Kaplan. "Silk: molecular organization and control of assembly." Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 357, 1418 (Feb 2002): 165-7.

Seidel, A., O. Liivak, S. Calve, J. Adaska, G. Ji, Z. Yang, D. Grubb, D. B. Zax, and L. W. Jelinski. "Regenerated Spider Silk: Processing, Properties, and Structure." Macromolecules 33, 3 (2000): 775-780. 

Biominerals I: Shell and Diatom

Mann, Stephen, ed. Biomineralization. VCH Publishers Inc., 1996.

Simkies, Kenneth, and Karl Wilbur. Biomineralization: Cell Biology & Mineral Deposition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1989.

Frankel, Richard, and Richard Blackmore, eds. Iron Biominerals. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

K, Shimizu, Cha J., G. D. Stucky, and D. E. Morse. "Silicatein alpha: cathepsin L-like protein in sponge biosilica." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95, (1998): 6234-8.

Cha, J. N., Shimizu K, Y. Zhou, S. C. Christiansen, B. F. Chmelka, G. D. Stucky, and D. E. Morse. "Silicatein filaments and subunits from a marine sponge direct the polymerization of silica and silicones in vitro." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  96, (1999): 361-5.

Aizenberg, J., A. Tkachenko, S. Weiner, L. Addadi, and G. Hendler. "Calcitic microlenses as part of the photoreceptor system in brittlestars."  Nature 412, (2001): 819-22.

Falini, Giuseppe, Shira Albeck, Steve Weiner, and Lia Addadi. "Control of Aragonite or Calcite Polymorphism by Mollusk Shell Macromolecules." Science 271, (1996): 67-69.

Biominerals II: Bone and Teeth

Weiner, S., A. Veis, E. Beniash, T. Arad, J. W. Dillon, B. Sabsay, and F. Siddiqui. "Peritubular dentin formation: crystal organization and the macromolecular constituents in human teeth." J Struct Biol. 126, 1 (1 Jun 1999): 27-41.

Wang, R. Z., and S. Weiner. "Strain-structure relations in human teeth using Moire fringes."  J Biomech. 31, 2 (1998): 135-41.

Weiner, S., W. Traub, and H. D. Wagner. "Lamellar bone: structure-function relations." J Struct Biol. 126, 3 (1999): 241-55.

Wang, R., and S. Weiner. "Human root dentin: structural anisotropy and Vickers microhardness isotropy." Connect Tissue Res. 39, 4 (1998): 269-79.

Weiner, S., and H. D. Wagner. "THE MATERIAL BONE: Structure-Mechanical Function Relations." Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. Vol. 28 (1998): 271-298.

Structure of Diatoms

Sarikaya, Mehmet, and Ilhan Aksay, eds. Biomimetics: Design and Processing of Materials. New York:AIP Series, 1995.

Kroger, N., R. Deutzmann, and M. Sumper. "Polycationic peptides from diatom biosilica that direct silica nanosphere formation." Science 286, (1999): 1129-32.

———. "Silica-precipitating peptides from diatoms. The chemical structure of silaffin-A from Cylindrotheca fusiformis." J Biol Chem 276, (2001): 26066-70.

Kroger, N., C. Bergsdorf, and M. Sumper. "Frustulins: domain conservation in a protein family associated with diatom cell walls." Eur J Biochem 239, (1996): 259-64.

———. "A new calcium binding glycoprotein family constitutes a major diatom cell wall component." EMBO J. 13, (1994): 4676-83.

Kroger, N., G. Lehmann, R. Rachel, and M. Sumper. "Characterization of a 200-kDa diatom protein that is specifically associated with a silica-based substructure of the cell wall." Eur J Biochem 250, (1997): 99-105.

Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Watson, J. D., and F. H. Crick. "Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid." Nature, no. 4356 (25 April 1953).

———. "Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid." Nature 248, 451 (26 Apr 1974): 765.

Wang, A. H., G. J. Quigley, F. J. Kolpak, J. L. Crawford, J. H. van Boom, G. van der Marel, and A. Rich. "Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution." Nature 282, 5740 (13 Dec 1979): 680-6.

DNA Molecular Machines

Bethell, D., and D. J. Schiffrin. "Supramolecular chemistry. Nanotechnology and nucleotides." Nature  382, (1996): 581.

Schmidbaur, H. "Supramolecular chemistry. Going for gold." Nature 413, (2001): 31, 33.

Alivisatos, A. P., K. P. Johnsson, X. Peng, T. E. Wilson, C. J. Loweth, M. P. Bruchez, Jr., and P. G. Schultz. "Organization of 'nanocrystal molecules' using DNA." Nature 382, (1996): 609-11.

Mao, C., W. Sun, Z. Shen, and N. C. Seeman. "A nanomechanical device based on the B-Z transition of DNA." Nature 397, 6715 (14 Jan): 144-6.

Yurke, B., A. J. Turberfield, A. P. Mills Jr., F. C. Simmel, and J. L. Neumann. "A DNA-fuelled molecular machine made of DNA." Nature 406, (2000): 605-8.

Braun, E., Y. Eichen, U. Sivan, and G. Ben-Yoseph. "DNA-templated assembly and electrode attachment of a conducting silver wire." Nature 391, (1998): 775-8.

Winfree, E., F. Liu, L. A. Wenzler, and N. C. Seeman. "Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals." Nature 394, 6693 (6 Aug 1998): 539-44.

Chen, J. H., and N. C. Seeman. "Synthesis from DNA of a molecule with the connectivity of a cube." Nature 350, (1991): 631-3.

Self-Assembly of Lipids as Building Materials

Groves, J. T., S. G. Boxer, and H. M. McConnell. "Electric field-induced reorganization of two-component supported bilayer membranes." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94, (1997): 13390-5.

Lvov, Y. M., R. R. Price, J. V. Selinger, A. Singh, M. S. Spector, J. M. Schnur, and Langmuir. "Imaging Nanoscale Patterns on Biologically Derived Microstructures." 2000 16: 5932-5935.

Spector, M. S., K. R. Easwaran, G. Jyothi, J. V. Selinger, A. Singh, and J. M. Schnur. "Chiral molecular self-assembly of phospholipid tubules: a circular dichroism study." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93, (1996): 12943-6.

Heyse, S., T. Stora, E. Schmid, J. H. Lakey, and H. Vogel. "Emerging techniques for investigating molecular interactions at lipid membranes." Biochim Biophys Acta. 1376, 3 (10 Nov 1998): 319-38. Review. No abstract available.

Aussillous, P., and D. Quere. "Liquid marbles." Nature 411, (2001): 924-7.

Mahadevan, L. "Non-stick water." Nature 411, (2001): 895-6.

Spector, M. S., and J. M. Schnur. "DNA ordering on a lipid membrane." Science 275, (1997): 791-2.

Saccharides as Construction Materials

Semino, C. E. "Saccharides as construction materials." (manuscript in process).

The Living Colors™ “Paint in a Can”

Yang, F., L. G. Moss, and G. N. Phillips, Jr. "The molecular structure of green fluorescent protein." Nat Biotechnol 14, (1996): 1246-51.

Ormo, M., A. B. Cubitt, K. Kallio, L. A. Gross, R. Y. Tsien, and S. J. Remington. "Crystal structure of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein." Science 273, (1996): 1392-5.

Crameri, A., E. A. Whitehorn, E. Tate, and W. P. Stemmer. "Improved green fluorescent protein by molecular evolution using DNA shuffling." Nat Biotechnol  14, (1996): 315-9.

Tsien, R. Y. "Rosy dawn for fluorescent proteins." Nat Biotechnol 17, (1999): 956-7.

Matz, M. V., A. F. Fradkov, Y. A. Labas, A. P. Savitsky, A. G. Zaraisky, M. L. Markelov, and S. A. Lukyanov. "Fluorescent proteins from nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species." Nat Biotechnol 17, (1999): 969-73.

Youvan, D. C., and M. E. Michel-Beyerle. "Structure and fluorescence mechanism of GFP." Nat Biotechnol 14, (1996): 1219-20.

Other Examples of Designing Biological Materials

Urry, D. W. "Elastic molecular machines in metabolism and soft-tissue restoration." Trends Biotechnol 17, (1999): 249-57.

Fernandez-Lopez, S., H. S. Kim, E. C. Choi, M. Delgado, J. R. Granja, A. Khasanov, K. Kraehenbuehl, G. Long, D. A. Weinberger, K. M. Wilcoxen, and M. R. Ghadiri. "Antibacterial agents based on the cyclic D,L-alpha-peptide architecture." Nature 412, (2001): 452-5.

Winfree, E., F. Liu, L. A. Wenzler, and N. C. Seeman. "Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals." Nature 394, (1998): 539-44.

Aggeli, A., I. A. Nyrkova, M. Bell, R. Harding, L. Carrick, T. C. McLeish, A. N. Semenov, and N. Boden. "Hierarchical self-assembly of chiral rod-like molecules as a model for peptide beta -sheet tapes, ribbons, fibrils, and fibers." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98, (2001): 11857-62.

Xu, G., W. Wang, J. T. Groves, and M. H. Hecht. "Self-assembled monolayers from a designed combinatorial library of de novo beta-sheet proteins." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98, (2001): 3652-7.

West, M. W., W. Wang, J. Patterson, J. D. Mancias, J. R. Beasley, and M. H. Hecht. "De novo amyloid proteins from designed combinatorial libraries." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96, (1999): 11211-6.

Schnur, Joel M. "Lipid Tubules: A Paradigm for Molecularly Engineered Structures." Science 262, (1993): 1669-1676.

Saghatelian, A., Y. Yokobayashi, K. Soltani, and M. R. Ghadiri. "A chiroselective peptide replicator." Nature 409, (2001): 797-801.

Mihara, H., and Y. Takahashi. "Engineering peptides and proteins that undergo alpha-to-beta transitions." Curr Opin Struct Biol. 7, (1997): 501-8.

Aggeli, A., M. Bell, N. Boden, J. N. Keen, P. F. Knowles, T. C. McLeish, M. Pitkeathly, and S. E. Radford. "Responsive gels formed by the spontaneous self-assembly of peptides into polymeric beta-sheet tapes." Nature 386, (1997): 259-62.

Takahashi, Yuta, Akihiko Ueno, and Hisakazu Mihara. "Design of a Peptide Undergoing alpha - beta Structural Transition and Amyloid Fibrillogenesis by the Introduction of a Hydrophobic Defect 1998, 4:2475-2484.

Hecht, M. H. "De novo design of beta-sheet proteins." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91, (1994): 8729-30.

Dobson, C. M. "Protein misfolding, evolution and disease." Trends Biochem Sci. 24, (1999): 329-32.

Urry, D. W. "Physical Chemistry of Biological Free Energy Transduction As Demonstrated by Elastic Protein-Based Polymers J." Phys. Chem. B. 101, (1997); 11007-11028.

Quinn, T. P., N. B. Tweedy, R. W. Williams, J. S. Richardson, and D. C. Richardson. "Betadoublet: de novo design, synthesis, and characterization of a beta-sandwich protein." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91, (1994): 8747-51.