Readings

Readings are also listed by session.

Required Texts

Burg, Steven L. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1999. ISBN: 9781563243080.

Richani, Nazih. Systems of Violence: The Political Economy of War and Peace in Colombia. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780791453469.

Wood, Elisabeth J. Forging Democracy from Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El Salvador. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780521788878.

Collier, Paul, V. L. Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, MartaReynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780821354810.

Paris, Roland. At War's End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780521541978.

Ballentine, Karen, and Jake Sherman, eds. The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. ISBN: 9781588261724. (A project of the International Peace Academy.)

Mitchell, Neil. Agents of Atrocity: Leaders, Followers, and the Violation of Human Rights in Civil War. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004. ISBN: 9781403962744.

Readings by Session

Course readings.
SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
I. Introductory Classes
1	Introduction
2	Old and New Civil Wars	Fearon, James, and David D. Laitin. "Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War." APSR 97 (2003): 75-90. Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War. Translated by Steven Lattimore. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. Co., 1998. ISBN: 9780872203945. (Selections) Tilly, Charles. "Violence, Terror, and Politics as Usual." Boston Review (Summer 2002): 21-4. Kalyvas, Stathis. "'New' and 'Old' Civil Wars. A Valid Distinction?" World Politics 54 (2001): 99-118.
3	The World Bank Approach to Civil War	Collier, Paul, V. L. Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, MartaReynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780821354810.
II. Controversies
4	Identity	Petersen, Roger. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, Resentment in Twentieth Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780521007740. (Selections) Sambanis, Nicolas. "Do Ethnic and Nonethnic Civil Wars Have the Same Causes?" Journal of Conflict Resolution 45, no. 4 (2001): 259-82. O'Brien, Connor Cruise. "The Wrath of Ages: Nationalism's Primordial Roots." Foreign Affairs 72, no. 5 (1993): 142-149. Brubaker, Rogers, and David D. Laitin. "Ethnic and Nationalist Violence." Annual Reviews of Sociology 24 (1998): 423-52. Fearon, James D., and David Laitin. "Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity." International Organization 54, no. 4 (2000): 845-877.
5	Fear	Posen, Barry. "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict." Survival 35, no.1 (1993): 27-47. Snyder, Jack, and Robert Jervis. "Civil War and the Security Dilemma." In Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention. Edited by Barbara Walter, and Jack Snyder. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp. 15-37. ISBN: 9780231116275. Kasfir, Nelson. "Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas and Violent Predation: Causes of Failure." When States Fail: Causes and Consequences. Edited by Richard Rotberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780691116723. Saideman, Steve. "Is Pandora's Box Half-Empty or Half-Full?" In The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, Escalation. Edited by David Lake, and Donald Rothschild. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. pp. 127-150. ISBN: 9780691016900.
6	Greed	Ballentine, Karen, and Jake Sherman, eds. The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. ISBN: 9781588261724. (A project of the International Peace Academy.) Soysa, Indra De. "Paradise is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, and Governance in Civil War, 1989-1999." Journal of Peace Research 39, no. 4 (2002): 395-416.
7	Death	Mitchell, Neil. Agents of Atrocity: Leaders, Followers, and the Violation of Human Rights in Civil War. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004. ISBN: 9781403962744. Kalyvas, Stathis. Chapter 7 in The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Unpublished Manuscript, 2000. (PDF) Mueller, John. "The Banality of 'Ethnic War'." International Security 25, no. 1 (2000): 42-70. Kalyvas, Stathis. "Wanton and Senseless? The Logic of Massacres in Algeria." Rationality and Society 11, no. 3 (1999): 243-85. Krain, Matthew. "State-sponsored Mass Murder: The Onset and Severity of Genocides and Politicides." Journal of Conflict Resolution 41, no. 3 (1997): 331-360.
8	Intervention	Kaufmann, Chaim. "Intervention in Ethnic and Ideological Civil Wars: Why One Can be Done and the Other Can't." Security Studies 6, no. 1 (1996): 62-100. Daalder, Ivo. "Knowing When to Say No: The Development of US Policy for Peacekeeping." In UN Peacekeeping, American Politics, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s . Edited by William Durch. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996, pp. 35-67. ISBN: 9780312160753. Smith, Tony. "In Defense of Intervention." Foreign Affairs 73, no. 6 (1994): 34-46. Mandelbaum, Michael. "Foreign Policy as Social Work." Foreign Affairs (1996): 16-32. Hoffmann, Stanley. "The Politics and Ethics of Military Intervention." Survival 37, no. 4 (1995): 29-51. Mason, T. David, and Patrick J. Fett. "How Civil Wars End: A Rational Choice Approach." Journal of Conflict Resolution 40, no. 4 (1996): 546-568. Smooha, Sammy, and Theodor Hanf. "The Diverse Modes of Conflict-Regulation in Deeply Divided Societies." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 33 (1992): 26-47.
9	Peace	Paris, Roland. At War's End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780521541978. Walter, Barbara. "Designing Transitions from Civil War." In Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention. Edited by Barbara Walter, and Jack Snyder. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp. 38-72. ISBN: 9780231116275. Sambanis, Nicholas. "Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War: An Empirical Critique of the Theoretical Literature." World Politics 52, no. 4 (2000): 437-83. Licklider, Roy. "The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945-1993." American Political Science Review 89, no. 3 (1995): 681-690.
III. Cases
10	Bosnia	Bax, Mart. "Warlords, Priests and the Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: A Case Study from Rural Bosnia Hercegovina." Ethnic and Racial Studies 23, no. 1 (2000): 16-36. Burg, Steven L. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1999. ISBN: 9781563243080. Woodward, Susan. "How not to End a Civil War." In Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention. Edited by Barbara Walter, and Jack Snyder. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp. 73-115. ISBN: 9780231116275.
11	Colombia	Richani, Nazih. Systems of Violence: The Political Economy of War and Peace in Colombia. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780791453469. Chernick, Marc W. "Negotiating Peace amid Multiple Forms of Violence: The Protracted Search for a Settlement to the Armed Conflicts in Colombia." In Comparative Peace Processes in Latin America. Edited by Cynthia J. Arnson. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780804735896.
12	Sudan	Ali, Taisier M., and Robert O. Matthews. "Civil War and Failed Peace Efforts in Sudan." In Civil Wars in Africa: Roots and Resolution. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999, pp. 193-220. ISBN: 9780773517776. Waal, Alex de. "Tragedy in Darfur: On understanding and ending the horror." Boston Review 29, no. 5 (2004).
13	Iraq	"Iraq Two Years after the End of Major Combat." Lawson, Chappell, and Strom Thacker. "Will Iraq Become a Democracy?" Unpublished paper. Lawson, Chappell. "How to Best Build Democracy: Laying the Foundation for a New Iraq." Foreign Affairs 82, no. 4 (July/August 2003). Petersen, Roger D. Chapters 1, and 2 inResistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780521770002. Hashim, Ahmed S. "Iraq's Chaos: Why the Insurgency Won't Go Away." Boston Review (October/November 2004).
14	El Salvador and South Africa	Wood, Elisabeth J. Forging Democracy from Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El Salvador. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780521788878.