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dc.contributor.authorViggh, Herbert
dc.contributor.authorTsagaratos, Jennifer
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-17T20:08:04Z
dc.date.available2026-02-17T20:08:04Z
dc.date.issued2026-02-17
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/164901
dc.description.abstractThe increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in applications, from military strategy to customer service, raises concerns about data sovereignty, security, and privacy. Cloudbased API models, created by companies such as OpenAI, pose significant risks due to training data exposure and prompt injection attacks, which can compromise sensitive information and hidden biases that could influence reporting or executive decision-making processes. Real-world incidents, such as the leakage of Samsung’s proprietary source code through ChatGPT, highlight the dangers of relying on cloud providers with complete visibility into client queries. Furthermore, data localization laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), underscore the risks associated with outsourcing intelligence and decision support systems to foreign entities. Airgapped AI solutions, which run on isolated networks disconnected from the outside world, offer a secure alternative for sensitive environments such as national defense, research laboratories, and critical infrastructure. By maintaining control over AI processes, organizations can ensure information safety, comply with regulations, and mitigate risks associated with cloud-based AI infrastructure, ultimately safeguarding their data integrity, privacy, and operational independence.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Department of the Air Force Artificial Intelligence Acceleratoren_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectlarge language models (LLMs)en_US
dc.subjectGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)en_US
dc.subjectAI infrastructureen_US
dc.titleSecuring Intelligence: The Strategic Necessity of Air-Gapped AI Systems in the Age of Cloud-Based LLMsen_US
dc.typeTechnical Reporten_US
dc.contributor.departmentLincoln Laboratoryen_US


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