The Free Energy Principle and Free Markets
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entropy-28-00956.pdf
Size
7.26 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
03b12214cb3bbe8a41d61327e0b8d060
Author(s)
Friston, Karl
Medrano, Johan
Verbelen, Tim
Date Issued
August 25, 2026
Journal
Entropy
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Citation
Friston, K.; Medrano, J.; Verbelen, T. The Free Energy Principle and Free Markets. Entropy 2026, 28, 956.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
We apply the free energy principle to free markets by treating the Market as a random dynamical system with an attracting set, i.e., some characteristic states. This licenses a normal form for stochastic dynamics that inherits from the Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition. Equipped with this functional form—and a suitable parameterization—one can create a generative model of fluctuations in the value of assets and accompanying indicator variables. This affords the opportunity for prospective (ex ante) prediction, scenario modelling and forecasting that could, in principle, be applied to any complex dynamical system exhibiting stochastic chaos. Here, we illustrate the application to portfolio management—in the context of financial services—and use the (posterior) predictive densities over future paths to evaluate the expected free energy that underwrites active inference. In this application, active inference reduces to risk-sensitive control, which can be used to model the optimal decision-making of an agent or investor. In this setting, an investor is characterized by their prior preferences for a high rate of return under drawdown constraints. Using numerical studies and historical financial data, we quantify the improvement in portfolio management, relative to baseline policies.
MIT Department
Department of Biological Engineering
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/e28090956
