ADS-B Benefits to General Aviation and Barriers to Implementation
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Automatic Dependent
Surveillance -‐
Broadcast (ADS-‐B)
will be
the
basis
of
the
future
surveillance
system
in
the
US.
To
achieve
benefit
from
ADS-‐B,
aircraft
have
to
be
equipped
with
ADS-‐B
avionics
across
all
stakeholders.
General
Aviation
(GA)
comprises
over
96%
of
the
active
aircraft
fleet
in
the
US
but
average
yearly
utilization
for
GA
aircraft
is
21
times
lower
than
that
of
commercial
aircraft.
Since
many
benefits
from
ADS-‐B
depend
on
aircraft
utilization,
concern
exists
that
ADS-‐B
does
not
provide
enough
user
benefit
to
GA,
possibly
resulting
in
delayed
acceptance
and
aircraft
equipage
with
ADS-‐B
avionics.
One
way
of
providing
user
benefits
and
thus
increasing
incentives
for
GA
users
to
equip
with
ADS-‐B
is
to
create
and
implement
ADS-‐B
applications
that
are
of
high
value
to
those
operators.
ADS-‐B
Surveillance
in
non-‐RADAR
airspace
and
ADS-‐B
based
Traffic
Situation
Awareness
(TSA)
are
identified
as
two
applications
that
are
expected
to
provide
significant
benefit
to
GA.
Both
applications
are
evaluated
and
possible
barriers
to
the
delivery
of
benefit
are
identified.
In
order
to
identify
where
TSA
would
be
most
beneficial,
ten
years’
worth
of
NTSB
mid-‐air
collision
reports
were
reviewed.
Ten
years
of
ASRS
and
NMACS
near
mid-‐air
collision
(MAC)
reports
were
also
reviewed.
The
analysis
revealed
that
aircraft
are
most
likely
to
encounter
each
other
in
the
airport
vicinity
–
specifically
in
the
pattern
(59%
of
MACs).
Current
Traffic
Awareness
systems
are
not
reliable
in
that
environment
due
to
insufficient
surveillance
data
quality.
Surveillance
data
from
ADS-‐B
,
however,
has
much
higher
resolution.
Therefore,
ADS-‐B
based
traffic
alerting
systems
are
expected
to
be
capable
of
providing
reliable
alerting
in
such
environments
and
would
thus
pose
a
significant
incentive
for
GA
to
equip
with
ADS-‐B.
An
analysis
of
the
current
availability
of
low
altitude
surveillance
over
the
continental
United
States
was
conducted
in
order
to
identify
where
ADS-‐B
Low
Altitude
Surveillance
would
be
beneficial.
Providing
low
altitude
surveillance
has
the
potential
to
improve
efficiency
during
IFR
conditions.
27
towered
airports
with
RADAR
floors
of
more
than
500ft
have
been
identified.
ADS-‐B
surveillance
in
those
locations
would
create
a
significant
benefit
locally.
Non-‐towered
airports
without
low
altitude
surveillance
are
more
common
(806
total).
ADS-‐B
surveillance
to
such
airports
has
the
potential
to
increase
airport
acceptance
rates
in
Instrument
Flight
weather
and
thus
providing
benefit
to
GA.
However,
in
addition
to
providing
surveillance,
additional
ATC
procedures
need
to
be
developed
to
take
advantage
of
such
ADS-‐B
surveillance.
The
new
procedures
would
allow
ATC
to
remain
in
radio
communication
with
aircraft
operating
at
non-‐towered
airports,
preventing
the
application
of
inefficient
procedural
control.
Date issued
2011-06-02Series/Report no.
ICAT;2011-6
Keywords
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast, ADS-B, air transportation, General Aviation, Traffic Situation Awareness
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