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Accelerating cleantech hardware product development
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Startups in the Cleantech sector have historically had poor return on investment and high failure rates when compared with the medical or software sectors. One reason given for the disappointing outcomes of many Cleantech ...
Machine learning in ocean applications : wave prediction for advanced controls of renewable energy and modeling nonlinear viscous hydrodynamics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Many conventional problems in ocean engineering remain challenging due to the stochastic nature of ocean waves, viscous effects of the flow, nonlinear resonance, etc., and the combination of these factors. Data-driven ...
Enhancing internet of things experience in augmented reality environments
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Seamless perception of objects' physical properties, such as temperature, is a key to improving the way we live and work. Thanks to the rapid development of sensor technology, Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping our world ...
Covariance estimation on matrix manifolds
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The estimation of covariance matrices is a fundamental problem in multivariate analysis and uncertainty quantification. Covariance matrices are an essential modeling tool in climatology, econometrics, model reduction, ...
Development of low-thrust solid rocket motors for small, fast aircraft propulsion
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Small, uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expanding the capabilities of aircraft systems. However, a gap exists in the size and capability of aircraft: no small aircraft are capable of sustained fast flight. A small, fast ...
Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions featuring soluble organic bases
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Chapter 1: Breaking the Base Barrier: An Electron-Deficient Palladium Catalyst Enables the Use of a Common Soluble Base in C-N Coupling Due to the low intrinsic acidity of amines, palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling ...
Engineering nanolayers for localized delivery of siRNA
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for therapeutic application. The RNAi pathway involves sequence-specific gene silencing directed by RNA fragments of 21-23 nucleotides long known as short interfering RNA ...
Tuning geometric and electronic structure of noble metal with core-shell platform as enhanced catalysts
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The noble metals (NMs) are special materials satisfying the Sabatier principle which bind adsorbates neither too strongly nor too weakly. Along with the resistance to corrosion and bulk oxidation, this makes noble metals ...
Improving fairness in budget-constrained algorithmic decision-making
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The last five years have seen a vast increase in academic and popular interest in "fair" machine learning. But while the community has made significant progress towards developing algorithmic interventions to mitigate ...
Building efficient algorithms by learning to compress
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The amount of data in the world is doubling every two years. Such abundant data offers immense opportunities, but also imposes immense computation, storage, and energy costs. This thesis introduces efficient algorithms for ...