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Micro-scale scratching by soft pad asperities in chemical-mechanical polishing
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
In the manufacture of integrated circuits (IC) and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is widely used for providing local and global planarization. In the CMP process, polishing pads, ...
Control configured design for smooth, highly-maneuverable, underwater vehicles
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
We describe the development of a new type of robotic underwater vehicle designed specifically for the inspection of critical infrastructures such as boiling water reactor nuclear power plants. These applications require ...
Tailoring hydrodynamics of non-wetting droplets with nano-engineered surfaces
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Considering that contacts between liquid and solid are ubiquitous in almost all energy processes, including steam turbines, oil pumping, condensers and boilers, the efficiency of energy transportation can be maximized such ...
High-temperature defect engineering for silicon solar cells : predictive process simulation and synchrotron-based microcharacterization
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Efficiency is a major lever for cost reduction in crystalline silicon solar cells, which dominate the photovoltaics market but cannot yet compete subsidy-free in most areas. Iron impurities are a key performance-limiting ...
Development of a multi-scale projection method with immersed boundaries for chemically reactive flows and its application to examine flame stabilization and blow-off mechanisms
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
High-fidelity multi-scale simulation tools are critically important for examining energy conversion processes in which the coupling of complex chemical kinetics, molecular transport, continuum mixing and acoustics play ...
Role of viscoelasticity and non-linear rheology in flows of complex fluids at high deformation rates
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
We combine pressure, velocimetry and birefringence measurements to study three phenomena for which the fluid rheology plays a dominant role: 1) shear banding in micellar fluids, 2) extension-dominated flows in microfluidic ...
Arbitrarily-controllable programmable aperture light field cameras : design theory, and applications to image deconvolution & 3-dimensional scanning
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
This thesis describes a new class of programmable-aperture light field cameras based on an all-digital, grayscale aperture. A number of prototypes utilizing this arbitrarily-controllable programmable aperture (ACPA) light ...
Mechanotransduction of interstitial fluid stresses and effects on tumor cell migration
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Breast cancer incidence in the United States is I in 8, and over 90% of breast cancer related deaths are due to metastases, secondary tumors at a site distant from the primary tumor. Metastasis formation requires carcinoma ...
Soot formation in direct injection spark ignition engines under cold-idle operating conditions
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Direct injection spark ignition engines are growing rapidly in popularity, largely due to the fuel efficiency improvements in the turbo-downsized engine configuration that are enabled by direct injection technology. ...
Contributions to the direct time integration in wave propagation analyses
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
This thesis intends to contribute to the computational methods for wave propagations. We review an implicit time integration method, the Bathe method, that remains stable without the use of adjustable parameters when the ...