Morphogenetic and regulatory mechanisms during developmental chondrogenesis: New paradigms for cartilage tissue engineering
Author(s)
Quintana, Lluís; Nieden, Nicole I. zur; Semino, Carlos Eduardo
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Cartilage is the first skeletal tissue to be formed during embryogenesis leading to the creation of all mature
cartilages and bones, with the exception of the flat bones in the skull. Therefore, errors occurring during the
process of chondrogenesis, the formation of cartilage, often lead to severe skeletal malformations such as
dysplasias. There are hundreds of skeletal dysplasias, and the molecular genetic etiology of some remains more
elusive than of others. Many efforts have aimed at understanding the morphogenetic event of chondrogenesis in
normal individuals, of which the main morphogenetic and regulatory mechanisms will be reviewed here. For
instance, many signaling molecules that guide chondrogenesis—for example, transforming growth factor-b,
bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and Wnts, as well as transcriptional regulators such as
the Sox family—have already been identified. Moreover, extracellular matrix components also play an important
role in this developmental event, as evidenced by the promotion of the chondrogenic potential of chondroprogenitor
cells caused by collagen II and proteoglycans like versican. The growing evidence of the elements
that control chondrogenesis and the increasing number of different sources of progenitor cells will, hopefully,
help to create tissue engineering platforms that could overcome many developmental or degenerative diseases
associated with cartilage defects.
Date issued
2008-12Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Biomedical EngineeringJournal
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
Publisher
Mary Ann Liebert
Citation
Quintana, Lluís, Nicole I. zur Nieden, and Carlos E. Semino. “Morphogenetic and Regulatory Mechanisms During Developmental Chondrogenesis: New Paradigms for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.” Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 15.1 (2009) : 29-41. Copyright © 2009, Mary Ann Liebert
Version: Final published version
ISSN
1937-3368