Inhibition of vein graft stenosis with a c-jun targeting DNAzyme in a cationic liposomal formulation containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE)

Abstract

Background/objectives Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is among the most commonly performed heart surgical procedures. Saphenous vein graft failure due to stenosis impedes the longer-term success of CABG. A key cellular event in the process of vein graft stenosis is smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a DNAzyme (Dz13) targeting the transcription factor c-Jun in a rabbit model of vein graft stenosis in a cationic liposomal formulation containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). Dz13 in DOTAP/DOPE has undergone preclinical toxicological testing, and a Phase I clinical trial we recently conducted in basal cell carcinoma cancer patients demonstrates that it is safe and well tolerated after local administration. Methods Effects of Dz13 in a formulation containing DOTAP/DOPE on smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth and c-Jun expression were assessed. Dz13 transfection was determined by cellular uptake of carboxyfluorescein-labeled Dz13. Autologous jugular vein to carotid artery transplantation was performed in New Zealand White rabbits to investigate the effect of the Dz13 in DOTAP/DOPE formulation on intimal hyperplasia. Results Dz13/DOTAP/DOPE reduced SMC proliferation and c-Jun protein expression in vitro compared with an impotent form of Dz13 bearing a point mutation in its catalytic domain (Dz13.G > C). The Dz13(500 μg)/DOTAP/DOPE formed lipoplexes that were colloidally stable for up to 1 h on ice (0 °C) and 30 min at 37 °C, allowing sufficient uptake by the veins. Dz13 (500 μg) inhibited neointima formation 28 d after end-to-side transplantation. Conclusions This formulation applied to veins prior to transplantation may potentially be useful in efforts to reduce graft failure.