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dc.contributor.authorFang, Xuekun
dc.contributor.authorShao, Min
dc.contributor.authorStohl, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Qiang
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Junyu
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Hai
dc.contributor.authorWang, Chen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Ming
dc.contributor.authorOu, Jiamin
dc.contributor.authorThompson, Rona L.
dc.contributor.authorPrinn, Ronald G.
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-16T17:54:18Z
dc.date.available2016-05-16T17:54:18Z
dc.date.issued2016-03
dc.date.submitted2016-02
dc.identifier.issn1680-7324
dc.identifier.issn1680-7316
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102513
dc.description.abstractBenzene (C[subscript 6]H[subscript 6]) and toluene (C[subscript 7]H[subscript 8]) are toxic to humans and the environment. They are also important precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols and contribute substantially to severe air pollution in urban areas in China. Discrepancies exist between different bottom-up inventories for benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Hong Kong (HK), which are emission hot spots in China. This study provides top-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the PRD and HK using atmospheric measurement data from a rural site in the area, Heshan, an atmospheric transport model, and an inverse modeling method. The model simulations captured the measured mixing ratios during most pollution episodes. For the PRD and HK, the benzene emissions estimated in this study for 2010 were 44 (12–75) and 5 (2–7) Gg yr[superscript −1] for the PRD and HK, respectively, and the toluene emissions were 131 (44–218) and 6 (2–9) Gg yr[superscript −1], respectively. Temporal and spatial differences between the inversion estimate and four different bottom-up emission estimates are discussed, and it is proposed that more observations at different sites are urgently needed to better constrain benzene and toluene (and other air pollutant) emissions in the PRD and HK in the future.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Natural Science Foundation (China) (Outstanding Young Scholars Grant 41125018)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKey Project (Grant 41330635)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX11AF17G)en_US
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherCopernicus GmbHen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3369-2016en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attributionen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/en_US
dc.sourceCopernicus Publicationsen_US
dc.titleTop-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, Chinaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationFang, Xuekun, Min Shao, Andreas Stohl, Qiang Zhang, Junyu Zheng, Hai Guo, Chen Wang, et al. “Top-down Estimates of Benzene and Toluene Emissions in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, China.” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 5 (March 15, 2016): 3369–3382.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Scienceen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorFang, Xuekunen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorPrinn, Ronald G.en_US
dc.relation.journalAtmospheric Chemistry and Physicsen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dspace.orderedauthorsFang, Xuekun; Shao, Min; Stohl, Andreas; Zhang, Qiang; Zheng, Junyu; Guo, Hai; Wang, Chen; Wang, Ming; Ou, Jiamin; Thompson, Rona L.; Prinn, Ronald G.en_US
dspace.embargo.termsNen_US
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7055-0644
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CCen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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