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dc.contributor.authorBroekgaarden, Mans
dc.contributor.authorWeijer, Ruud
dc.contributor.authorHeger, Michal
dc.contributor.authorvan Gulik, Thomas M.
dc.contributor.authorHamblin, Michael R
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-27T18:57:53Z
dc.date.available2016-10-27T18:57:53Z
dc.date.issued2015-10
dc.identifier.issn0167-7659
dc.identifier.issn1573-7233
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105114
dc.description.abstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. PDT comprises the administration of a photosensitizer, its accumulation in tumor tissue, and subsequent irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded tumor, leading to the localized photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative damage ultimately culminates in tumor cell death, vascular shutdown, induction of an antitumor immune response, and the consequent destruction of the tumor. However, the ROS produced by PDT also triggers a stress response that, as part of a cell survival mechanism, helps cancer cells to cope with the PDT-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. These survival pathways are mediated by the transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and those that mediate the proteotoxic stress response. The survival pathways are believed to render some types of cancer recalcitrant to PDT and alter the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor survival. In this review, the molecular mechanisms are elucidated that occur post-PDT to mediate cancer cell survival, on the basis of which pharmacological interventions are proposed. Specifically, pharmaceutical inhibitors of the molecular regulators of each survival pathway are addressed. The ultimate aim is to facilitate the development of adjuvant intervention strategies to improve PDT efficacy in recalcitrant solid tumors.en_US
dc.publisherSpringer USen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-015-9588-7en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attributionen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceSpringer USen_US
dc.titleTumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: a molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategiesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationBroekgaarden, Mans et al. “Tumor Cell Survival Pathways Activated by Photodynamic Therapy: A Molecular Basis for Pharmacological Inhibition Strategies.” Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 34.4 (2015): 643–690.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentHarvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technologyen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorHamblin, Michael R
dc.relation.journalCancer and Metastasis Reviewsen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dc.date.updated2016-08-18T15:42:18Z
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.rights.holderThe Author(s)
dspace.orderedauthorsBroekgaarden, Mans; Weijer, Ruud; van Gulik, Thomas M.; Hamblin, Michael R.; Heger, Michalen_US
dspace.embargo.termsNen_US
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CCen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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