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C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector

Author(s)
Shmakov, S.; Makarova, K. S.; Semenova, E.; Minakhin, L.; Severinov, K.; Koonin, E. V.; Regev, Aviv; Gootenberg, Jonathan S; Konermann, Silvana M; Joung, Julia; Slaymaker, Ian; Cox, David Benjamin Turitz; Lander, Eric Steven; Zhang, Feng; Abudayyeh, Omar O.; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated genes (Cas) adaptive immune system defends microbes against foreign genetic elements via DNA or RNA-DNA interference. We characterize the class 2 type VI CRISPR-Cas effector C2c2 and demonstrate its RNA-guided ribonuclease function. C2c2 from the bacterium Leptotrichia shahii provides interference against RNA phage. In vitro biochemical analysis shows that C2c2 is guided by a single CRISPR RNA and can be programmed to cleave single-stranded RNA targets carrying complementary protospacers. In bacteria, C2c2 can be programmed to knock down specific mRNAs. Cleavage is mediated by catalytic residues in the two conserved Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding (HEPN) domains, mutations of which generate catalytically inactive RNA-binding proteins. These results broaden our understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems and suggest that C2c2 can be used to develop new RNA-targeting tools.
Date issued
2016-08
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105791
Department
Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT
Journal
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Citation
Abudayyeh, O. O. et al. “C2c2 Is a Single-Component Programmable RNA-Guided RNA-Targeting CRISPR Effector.” Science 353.6299 (2016): aaf5573-aaf5573.
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
0036-8075
1095-9203

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