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dc.contributor.authorLu, Ling
dc.contributor.authorPick, Adi
dc.contributor.authorChua, Song-Liang
dc.contributor.authorZhen, Bo
dc.contributor.authorHsu, Chia Wei
dc.contributor.authorIgarashi, Yuichi
dc.contributor.authorKaminer, Ido Efraim
dc.contributor.authorJoannopoulos, John
dc.contributor.authorSoljacic, Marin
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-19T17:17:33Z
dc.date.available2017-04-19T17:17:33Z
dc.date.issued2015-09
dc.date.submitted2015-04
dc.identifier.issn0028-0836
dc.identifier.issn1476-4687
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108256
dc.description.abstractThe Dirac cone underlies many unique electronic properties of graphene1 and topological insulators, and its band structure—two conical bands touching at a single point—has also been realized for photons in waveguide arrays, atoms in optical lattices, and through accidental degeneracy. Deformation of the Dirac cone often reveals intriguing properties; an example is the quantum Hall effect, where a constant magnetic field breaks the Dirac cone into isolated Landau levels. A seemingly unrelated phenomenon is the exceptional point also known as the parity–time symmetry breaking point where two resonances coincide in both their positions and widths. Exceptional points lead to counter-intuitive phenomena such as loss-induced transparency unidirectional transmission or reflection and lasers with reversed pump dependence or single-mode operation. Dirac cones and exceptional points are connected: it was theoretically suggested that certain non-Hermitian perturbations can deform a Dirac cone and spawn a ring of exceptional points. Here we experimentally demonstrate such an ‘exceptional ring’ in a photonic crystal slab. Angle-resolved reflection measurements of the photonic crystal slab reveal that the peaks of reflectivity follow the conical band structure of a Dirac cone resulting from accidental degeneracy, whereas the complex eigenvalues of the system are deformed into a two-dimensional flat band enclosed by an exceptional ring. This deformation arises from the dissimilar radiation rates of dipole and quadrupole resonances, which play a role analogous to the loss and gain in parity–time symmetric systems. Our results indicate that the radiation existing in any open system can fundamentally alter its physical properties in ways previously expected only in the presence of material loss and gain.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army Research Office (W911NF-07-D0004)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army Research Office (W911NF-13-D-0001)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSolid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Centeren_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation (U.S.). Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (Program) (DMR-1419807)en_US
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherNature Publishing Groupen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14889en_US
dc.rightsArticle is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.en_US
dc.sourcearXiven_US
dc.titleSpawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac conesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationZhen, Bo; Hsu, Chia Wei; Igarashi, Yuichi; Lu, Ling; Kaminer, Ido; Pick, Adi; Chua, Song-Liang; Joannopoulos, John D. and Soljačić, Marin. “Spawning Rings of Exceptional Points Out of Dirac Cones.” Nature 525, no. 7569 (September 9, 2015): 354–358. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Natureen_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronicsen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorZhen, Bo
dc.contributor.mitauthorHsu, Chia Wei
dc.contributor.mitauthorIgarashi, Yuichi
dc.contributor.mitauthorKaminer, Ido Efraim
dc.contributor.mitauthorJoannopoulos, John
dc.contributor.mitauthorSoljacic, Marin
dc.relation.journalNatureen_US
dc.eprint.versionOriginal manuscripten_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/NonPeerRevieweden_US
dspace.orderedauthorsZhen, Bo; Hsu, Chia Wei; Igarashi, Yuichi; Lu, Ling; Kaminer, Ido; Pick, Adi; Chua, Song-Liang; Joannopoulos, John D.; Soljačić, Marinen_US
dspace.embargo.termsNen_US
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-4594
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-1892
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-3682
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-5831
mit.licensePUBLISHER_POLICYen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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