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dc.contributor.authorBruns, Oliver T.
dc.contributor.authorCarr, Jessica Ann
dc.contributor.authorValdez Vargas, Tulio
dc.contributor.authorBawendi, Moungi G
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-08T13:10:13Z
dc.date.available2017-05-08T13:10:13Z
dc.date.issued2016-08
dc.date.submitted2016-02
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424
dc.identifier.issn1091-6490
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108725
dc.description.abstractVisualizing structures deep inside opaque biological tissues is one of the central challenges in biomedical imaging. Optical imaging with visible light provides high resolution and sensitivity; however, scattering and absorption of light by tissue limits the imaging depth to superficial features. Imaging with shortwave infrared light (SWIR, 1–2 μm) shares many advantages of visible imaging, but light scattering in tissue is reduced, providing sufficient optical penetration depth to noninvasively interrogate subsurface tissue features. However, the clinical potential of this approach has been largely unexplored because suitable detectors, until recently, have been either unavailable or cost prohibitive. Here, taking advantage of newly available detector technology, we demonstrate the potential of SWIR light to improve diagnostics through the development of a medical otoscope for determining middle ear pathologies. We show that SWIR otoscopy has the potential to provide valuable diagnostic information complementary to that provided by visible pneumotoscopy. We show that in healthy adult human ears, deeper tissue penetration of SWIR light allows better visualization of middle ear structures through the tympanic membrane, including the ossicular chain, promontory, round window niche, and chorda tympani. In addition, we investigate the potential for detection of middle ear fluid, which has significant implications for diagnosing otitis media, the overdiagnosis of which is a primary factor in increased antibiotic resistance. Middle ear fluid shows strong light absorption between 1,400 and 1,550 nm, enabling straightforward fluid detection in a model using the SWIR otoscope. Moreover, our device is easily translatable to the clinic, as the ergonomics, visual output, and operation are similar to a conventional otoscope.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. National Institutes of Health (9-P41-EB015871-26A1)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (W911NF-13-D-0001)en_US
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciences (U.S.)en_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610529113en_US
dc.rightsArticle is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.en_US
dc.sourcePNASen_US
dc.titleUsing the shortwave infrared to image middle ear pathologiesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationCarr, Jessica A.; Valdez, Tulio A.; Bruns, Oliver T. and Bawendi, Moungi G. “Using the Shortwave Infrared to Image Middle Ear Pathologies.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 36 (August 2016): 9989–9994.© 2016 National Academy of Sciences.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistryen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorCarr, Jessica Ann
dc.contributor.mitauthorValdez Vargas, Tulio
dc.contributor.mitauthorBawendi, Moungi G
dc.relation.journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dspace.orderedauthorsCarr, Jessica A.; Valdez, Tulio A.; Bruns, Oliver T.; Bawendi, Moungi G.en_US
dspace.embargo.termsNen_US
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-8108
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-0845
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-4365
mit.licensePUBLISHER_POLICYen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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