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Discovery and Functional Characterization of Diverse Class 2 CRISPR-Cas Systems

Author(s)
Shmakov, Sergey; Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Semenova, Ekaterina; Minakhin, Leonid; Severinov, Konstantin; Koonin, Eugene V.; Abudayyeh, Omar Osama; Gootenberg, Jonathan S; Joung, Julia; Konermann, Silvana M; Zhang, Feng; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
Microbial CRISPR-Cas systems are divided into Class 1, with multisubunit effector complexes, and Class 2, with single protein effectors. Currently, only two Class 2 effectors, Cas9 and Cpf1, are known. We describe here three distinct Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems. The effectors of two of the identified systems, C2c1 and C2c3, contain RuvC-like endonuclease domains distantly related to Cpf1. The third system, C2c2, contains an effector with two predicted HEPN RNase domains. Whereas production of mature CRISPR RNA (crRNA) by C2c1 depends on tracrRNA, C2c2 crRNA maturation is tracrRNA independent. We found that C2c1 systems can mediate DNA interference in a 5'-PAM-dependent fashion analogous to Cpf1. However, unlike Cpf1, which is a single-RNA-guided nuclease, C2c1 depends on both crRNA and tracrRNA for DNA cleavage. Finally, comparative analysis indicates that Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems evolved on multiple occasions through recombination of Class 1 adaptation modules with effector proteins acquired from distinct mobile elements.
Date issued
2015-10
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112723
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT
Journal
Molecular Cell
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Shmakov, Sergey et al. “Discovery and Functional Characterization of Diverse Class 2 CRISPR-Cas Systems.” Molecular Cell 60, 3 (November 2015): 385–397 © 2015 Elsevier
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
1097-2765
1097-4164

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