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Motion microscopy for visualizing and quantifying small motions

Author(s)
Rubinstein, Michael; Wang, Pai; Sun, Sijie; Kang, Sung Hoon; Bertoldi, Katia; Wadhwa, Neal; Chen, Justin; Sellon, Jonathan Blake; Wei, Donglai; Ghaffari, Roozbeh; Freeman, Dennis M.; Buyukozturk, Oral; Durand, Frederic; Freeman, William T.; ... Show more Show less
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Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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Abstract
Although the human visual system is remarkable at perceiving and interpreting motions, it has limited sensitivity, and we cannot see motions that are smaller than some threshold. Although difficult to visualize, tiny motions below this threshold are important and can reveal physical mechanisms, or be precursors to large motions in the case of mechanical failure. Here, we present a “motion microscope,” a computational tool that quantifies tiny motions in videos and then visualizes them by producing a new video in which the motions are made large enough to see. Three scientific visualizations are shown, spanning macroscopic to nanoscopic length scales. They are the resonant vibrations of a bridge demonstrating simultaneous spatial and temporal modal analysis, micrometer vibrations of a metamaterial demonstrating wave propagation through an elastic matrix with embedded resonating units, and nanometer motions of an extracellular tissue found in the inner ear demonstrating a mechanism of frequency separation in hearing. In these instances, the motion microscope uncovers hidden dynamics over a variety of length scales, leading to the discovery of previously unknown phenomena. Keywords: visualization; motion; image processing
Date issued
2017-10
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114895
Department
Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
Citation
Wadhwa, Neal et al. “Motion Microscopy for Visualizing and Quantifying Small Motions.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 44 (October 2017): 11639–11644 © 2017 National Academy of Sciences
Version: Final published version
ISSN
0027-8424
1091-6490

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