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Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

dc.contributor.authorAguilar, M.
dc.contributor.authorAli Cavasonza, L.
dc.contributor.authorAlpat, B.
dc.contributor.authorAmbrosi, G.
dc.contributor.authorArruda, L.
dc.contributor.authorAttig, N.
dc.contributor.authorAupetit, S.
dc.contributor.authorAzzarello, P.
dc.contributor.authorBachlechner, A.
dc.contributor.authorBarao, F.
dc.contributor.authorBarrau, A.
dc.contributor.authorBarrin, L.
dc.contributor.authorBartoloni, A.
dc.contributor.authorBasara, L.
dc.contributor.authorBaşeğmez-du Pree, S.
dc.contributor.authorBattarbee, M.
dc.contributor.authorBattiston, R.
dc.contributor.authorBeischer, B.
dc.contributor.authorBerdugo, J.
dc.contributor.authorBertucci, B.
dc.contributor.authorBindel, K. F.
dc.contributor.authorBindi, V.
dc.contributor.authorde Boer, W.
dc.contributor.authorBollweg, K.
dc.contributor.authorBonnivard, V.
dc.contributor.authorBorgia, B.
dc.contributor.authorBoschini, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorBourquin, M.
dc.contributor.authorBueno, E. F.
dc.contributor.authorBurger, W. J.
dc.contributor.authorCaroff, S.
dc.contributor.authorCasaus, J.
dc.contributor.authorCastellini, G.
dc.contributor.authorCervelli, F.
dc.contributor.authorChang, Y. H.
dc.contributor.authorChen, G. M.
dc.contributor.authorChen, H. S.
dc.contributor.authorChen, Y.
dc.contributor.authorCheng, L.
dc.contributor.authorChou, H. Y.
dc.contributor.authorChung, C. H.
dc.contributor.authorClark, C.
dc.contributor.authorClavero, R.
dc.contributor.authorCoignet, G.
dc.contributor.authorConsolandi, C.
dc.contributor.authorContin, A.
dc.contributor.authorCorti, C.
dc.contributor.authorCreus, W.
dc.contributor.authorCrispoltoni, M.
dc.contributor.authorCui, Z.
dc.contributor.authorDai, Y. M.
dc.contributor.authorDatta, A.
dc.contributor.authorDelgado, C.
dc.contributor.authorDella Torre, S.
dc.contributor.authorDemirköz, M. B.
dc.contributor.authorDerome, L.
dc.contributor.authorDi Falco, S.
dc.contributor.authorDimiccoli, F.
dc.contributor.authorDíaz, C.
dc.contributor.authorvon Doetinchem, P.
dc.contributor.authorDong, F.
dc.contributor.authorDonnini, F.
dc.contributor.authorDuranti, M.
dc.contributor.authorEronen, T.
dc.contributor.authorFiandrini, E.
dc.contributor.authorFormato, V.
dc.contributor.authorGallucci, G.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-López, R. J.
dc.contributor.authorGargiulo, C.
dc.contributor.authorGast, H.
dc.contributor.authorGebauer, I.
dc.contributor.authorGervasi, M.
dc.contributor.authorGhelfi, A.
dc.contributor.authorGiovacchini, F.
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Coral, D. M.
dc.contributor.authorGong, J.
dc.contributor.authorGoy, C.
dc.contributor.authorGrabski, V.
dc.contributor.authorGrandi, D.
dc.contributor.authorGraziani, M.
dc.contributor.authorGuo, K. H.
dc.contributor.authorHaino, S.
dc.contributor.authorHan, K. C.
dc.contributor.authorHe, Z. H.
dc.contributor.authorHuang, H.
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Z. C.
dc.contributor.authorIncagli, M.
dc.contributor.authorJinchi, H.
dc.contributor.authorKanishev, K.
dc.contributor.authorKhiali, B.
dc.contributor.authorKirn, Th.
dc.contributor.authorKonak, C.
dc.contributor.authorLa Vacca, G.
dc.contributor.authorLaudi, E.
dc.contributor.authorLaurenti, G.
dc.contributor.authorLazzizzera, I.
dc.contributor.authorLee, H. T.
dc.contributor.authorLee, S. C.
dc.contributor.authorLeluc, C.
dc.contributor.authorLi, H. S.
dc.contributor.authorLi, J. Q.
dc.contributor.authorLi, Q.
dc.contributor.authorLi, T. X.
dc.contributor.authorLi, Z. H.
dc.contributor.authorLi, Z. Y.
dc.contributor.authorLin, C. H.
dc.contributor.authorLipari, P.
dc.contributor.authorLippert, T.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, D.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Z.
dc.contributor.authorLordello, V. D.
dc.contributor.authorLu, S. Q.
dc.contributor.authorLu, Y. S.
dc.contributor.authorLuebelsmeyer, K.
dc.contributor.authorLuo, F.
dc.contributor.authorLuo, J. Z.
dc.contributor.authorLyu, S. S.
dc.contributor.authorMachate, F.
dc.contributor.authorMañá, C.
dc.contributor.authorMarín, J.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, T.
dc.contributor.authorMartínez, G.
dc.contributor.authorMasi, N.
dc.contributor.authorMaurin, D.
dc.contributor.authorMenchaca-Rocha, A.
dc.contributor.authorMeng, Q.
dc.contributor.authorMikuni, V. M.
dc.contributor.authorMo, D. C.
dc.contributor.authorMott, P.
dc.contributor.authorMussolin, L.
dc.contributor.authorNelson, T.
dc.contributor.authorNi, J. Q.
dc.contributor.authorNikonov, N.
dc.contributor.authorNozzoli, F.
dc.contributor.authorOliva, A.
dc.contributor.authorOrcinha, M.
dc.contributor.authorPalermo, M.
dc.contributor.authorPalmonari, F.
dc.contributor.authorPalomares, C.
dc.contributor.authorPaniccia, M.
dc.contributor.authorPauluzzi, M.
dc.contributor.authorPensotti, S.
dc.contributor.authorPerrina, C.
dc.contributor.authorPicot-Clemente, N.
dc.contributor.authorPilo, F.
dc.contributor.authorPohl, M.
dc.contributor.authorPoireau, V.
dc.contributor.authorQuadrani, L.
dc.contributor.authorQi, X. M.
dc.contributor.authorQu, Z. Y.
dc.contributor.authorRäihä, T.
dc.contributor.authorRancoita, P. G.
dc.contributor.authorRapin, D.
dc.contributor.authorRicol, J. S.
dc.contributor.authorRosier-Lees, S.
dc.contributor.authorRozza, D.
dc.contributor.authorSagdeev, R.
dc.contributor.authorSchael, S.
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, S. M.
dc.contributor.authorSchulz von Dratzig, A.
dc.contributor.authorSchwering, G.
dc.contributor.authorSeo, E. S.
dc.contributor.authorShan, B. S.
dc.contributor.authorShi, J. Y.
dc.contributor.authorSiedenburg, T.
dc.contributor.authorSong, J. W.
dc.contributor.authorTacconi, M.
dc.contributor.authorTang, X. W.
dc.contributor.authorTang, Z. C.
dc.contributor.authorTescaro, D.
dc.contributor.authorTian, J.
dc.contributor.authorTing, S. M.
dc.contributor.authorTomassetti, N.
dc.contributor.authorTorsti, J.
dc.contributor.authorUrban, T.
dc.contributor.authorVagelli, V.
dc.contributor.authorValente, E.
dc.contributor.authorValtonen, E.
dc.contributor.authorVázquez Acosta, M.
dc.contributor.authorVecchi, M.
dc.contributor.authorVelasco, M.
dc.contributor.authorVialle, J. P.
dc.contributor.authorWang, L. Q.
dc.contributor.authorWang, N. H.
dc.contributor.authorWang, Q. L.
dc.contributor.authorWang, X. Q.
dc.contributor.authorWang, Z. X.
dc.contributor.authorWei, C. C.
dc.contributor.authorWei, J.
dc.contributor.authorWeng, Z. L.
dc.contributor.authorWhitman, K.
dc.contributor.authorWu, H.
dc.contributor.authorXiong, R. Q.
dc.contributor.authorXu, W.
dc.contributor.authorYang, M.
dc.contributor.authorYang, Y.
dc.contributor.authorYi, H.
dc.contributor.authorYu, Y. J.
dc.contributor.authorYu, Z. Q.
dc.contributor.authorZannoni, M.
dc.contributor.authorZeissler, S.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, C.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, F.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, J. H.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, S. W.
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Z. M.
dc.contributor.authorZhuang, H. L.
dc.contributor.authorZhukov, V.
dc.contributor.authorZichichi, A.
dc.contributor.authorZimmermann, N.
dc.contributor.authorAMS Collaboration
dc.contributor.authorBecker, Ulrich J
dc.contributor.authorBehlmann, Matthew Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBurger, Joseph D
dc.contributor.authorCai, Xudong
dc.contributor.authorCapell, Michael H
dc.contributor.authorChen, Andrew I
dc.contributor.authorChoumilov, Evgueni
dc.contributor.authorChoutko, Vitali
dc.contributor.authorDadzie, K.
dc.contributor.authorEgorov, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorEline, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorFeng, Jie
dc.contributor.authorFisher, Peter H
dc.contributor.authorGalaktionov, Y.
dc.contributor.authorHeil, Melanie
dc.contributor.authorHsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei
dc.contributor.authorJia, Yi
dc.contributor.authorKounina, Olga
dc.contributor.authorKounine, Andrei
dc.contributor.authorKoutsenko, Vladimir
dc.contributor.authorKulemzin, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorLebedev, Alexei
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Hu
dc.contributor.authorPhan, Huy Duc
dc.contributor.authorPlyaskin, Vasily
dc.contributor.authorQin, Xiaoting
dc.contributor.authorRozhkov, Andrey B.
dc.contributor.authorTing, Samuel
dc.contributor.authorWang, X.
dc.contributor.authorYan, Qi
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Jing
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhan
dc.contributor.authorZuccon, Paolo
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-06T18:59:01Z
dc.date.available2018-08-06T18:59:01Z
dc.date.issued2018-07
dc.date.submitted2018-06
dc.identifier.issn0031-9007
dc.identifier.issn1079-7114
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117287
dc.description.abstractA precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10[superscript 6] events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above ∼700  GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux Φ[subscript N] can be presented as the sum of its primary component Φ[subscript N][superscript P] and secondary component Φ[subscript N][superscript S], Φ[subscript N] = Φ[subscript N][superscript P]+ Φ[subscript N][superscript S], and we found Φ[subscript N] is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux Φ[subscript O] (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux Φ[subscript B] (secondary cosmic rays), with Φ[subscript N][superscript P] = (0.090±0.002) × Φ[subscript O] and Φ[subscript N][superscript S] = (0.62±0.02) × Φ[subscript B] over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to <30% above 1 TV.en_US
dc.publisherAmerican Physical Societyen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attributionen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0en_US
dc.sourceAmerican Physical Societyen_US
dc.titlePrecision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Stationen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationAguilar, M. et al. Physical Review Letters 121, 5 (July 2018): 051103en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringen_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physicsen_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Scienceen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorBecker, Ulrich J
dc.contributor.mitauthorBehlmann, Matthew Daniel
dc.contributor.mitauthorBurger, Joseph D
dc.contributor.mitauthorCai, Xudong
dc.contributor.mitauthorCapell, Michael H
dc.contributor.mitauthorChen, Andrew I
dc.contributor.mitauthorChoumilov, Evgueni
dc.contributor.mitauthorChoutko, Vitali
dc.contributor.mitauthorDadzie, K.
dc.contributor.mitauthorEgorov, Alexander
dc.contributor.mitauthorEline, Alexandre
dc.contributor.mitauthorFeng, Jie
dc.contributor.mitauthorFisher, Peter H
dc.contributor.mitauthorGalaktionov, Y.
dc.contributor.mitauthorHeil, Melanie
dc.contributor.mitauthorHsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei
dc.contributor.mitauthorJia, Yi
dc.contributor.mitauthorKounina, Olga
dc.contributor.mitauthorKounine, Andrei
dc.contributor.mitauthorKoutsenko, Vladimir
dc.contributor.mitauthorKulemzin, Alexander
dc.contributor.mitauthorLebedev, Alexei
dc.contributor.mitauthorLiu, Hu
dc.contributor.mitauthorPhan, Huy Duc
dc.contributor.mitauthorPlyaskin, Vasily
dc.contributor.mitauthorQin, Xiaoting
dc.contributor.mitauthorRozhkov, Andrey B.
dc.contributor.mitauthorTing, Samuel
dc.contributor.mitauthorWang, X.
dc.contributor.mitauthorYan, Qi
dc.contributor.mitauthorZhang, Jing
dc.contributor.mitauthorZhang, Zhan
dc.contributor.mitauthorZuccon, Paolo
dc.relation.journalPhysical Review Lettersen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dc.date.updated2018-08-01T18:00:26Z
dc.language.rfc3066en
dspace.orderedauthorsAguilar, M.; Ali Cavasonza, L.; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Aupetit, S.; Azzarello, P.; Bachlechner, A.; Barao, F.; Barrau, A.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Basara, L.; Başeğmez-du Pree, S.; Battarbee, M.; Battiston, R.; Becker, U.; Behlmann, M.; Beischer, B.; Berdugo, J.; Bertucci, B.; Bindel, K. F.; Bindi, V.; de Boer, W.; Bollweg, K.; Bonnivard, V.; Borgia, B.; Boschini, M. J.; Bourquin, M.; Bueno, E. F.; Burger, J.; Burger, W. J.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Caroff, S.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, A. I.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chou, H. Y.; Choumilov, E.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C. H.; Clark, C.; Clavero, R.; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Creus, W.; Crispoltoni, M.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; Dai, Y. M.; Datta, A.; Delgado, C.; Della Torre, S.; Demirköz, M. B.; Derome, L.; Di Falco, S.; Dimiccoli, F.; Díaz, C.; von Doetinchem, P.; Dong, F.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Eronen, T.; Feng, J.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P.; Formato, V.; Galaktionov, Y.; Gallucci, G.; García-López, R. J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gebauer, I.; Gervasi, M.; Ghelfi, A.; Giovacchini, F.; Gómez-Coral, D. M.; Gong, J.; Goy, C.; Grabski, V.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Guo, K. H.; Haino, S.; Han, K. C.; He, Z. H.; Heil, M.; Hsieh, T. H.; Huang, H.; Huang, Z. C.; Incagli, M.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Kanishev, K.; Khiali, B.; Kirn, Th.; Konak, C.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Kulemzin, A.; La Vacca, G.; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, H. T.; Lee, S. C.; Leluc, C.; Li, H. S.; Li, J. Q.; Li, Q.; Li, T. X.; Li, Z. H.; Li, Z. Y.; Lin, C. H.; Lipari, P.; Lippert, T.; Liu, D.; Liu, Hu; Liu, Z.; Lordello, V. D.; Lu, S. Q.; Lu, Y. S.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Luo, F.; Luo, J. Z.; Lyu, S. S.; Machate, F.; Mañá, C.; Marín, J.; Martin, T.; Martínez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meng, Q.; Mikuni, V. M.; Mo, D. C.; Mott, P.; Mussolin, L.; Nelson, T.; Ni, J. Q.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palermo, M.; Palmonari, F.; Palomares, C.; Paniccia, M.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pensotti, S.; Perrina, C.; Phan, H. D.; Picot-Clemente, N.; Pilo, F.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V.; Quadrani, L.; Qi, X. M.; Qin, X.; Qu, Z. Y.; Räihä, T.; Rancoita, P. G.; Rapin, D.; Ricol, J. S.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R.; Schael, S.; Schmidt, S. M.; Schulz von Dratzig, A.; Schwering, G.; Seo, E. S.; Shan, B. S.; Shi, J. Y.; Siedenburg, T.; Song, J. W.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, X. W.; Tang, Z. C.; Tescaro, D.; Tian, J.; Ting, Samuel C. C.; Ting, S. M.; Tomassetti, N.; Torsti, J.; Urban, T.; Vagelli, V.; Valente, E.; Valtonen, E.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Vialle, J. P.; Wang, L. Q.; Wang, N. H.; Wang, Q. L.; Wang, X.; Wang, X. Q.; Wang, Z. X.; Wei, C. C.; Wei, J.; Weng, Z. L.; Whitman, K.; Wu, H.; Xiong, R. Q.; Xu, W.; Yan, Q.; Yang, M.; Yang, Y.; Yi, H.; Yu, Y. J.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zannoni, M.; Zeissler, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. H.; Zhang, S. W.; Zhang, Z.; Zheng, Z. M.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zhukov, V.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, N.; Zuccon, P.en_US
dspace.embargo.termsNen_US
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