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Velocity and Drag Evolution From the Leading Edge of a Model Mangrove Forest

Author(s)
Maza Fernandez, Maria Emilia; Adler, Katherine E.; Ramos, Diogo; Garcia, Adrian Mikhail Palaci; Nepf, Heidi
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Abstract
An experimental study of unidirectional flow through a model mangrove forest measured both velocity and forces on individual trees. The individual trees were 1/12th scale models of mature Rhizophora, including 24 prop roots distributed in a three‐dimensional layout. Thirty‐two model trees were distributed in a staggered array producing a 2.5 m long forest. The velocity evolved from a boundary layer profile at the forest leading edge to a vertical profile determined by the vertical distribution of frontal area, with significantly higher velocity above the prop roots. Fully developed conditions were reached at the fifth tree row from the leading edge. Within the root zone the velocity was reduced by up to 50% and the TKE was increased by as much as fivefold, relative to the upstream conditions. TKE in the root zone was mainly produced by root and trunk wakes, and it agreed in magnitude with the estimation obtained using the Tanino and Nepf (2008) formulation. Maximum TKE occurred at the top of the roots, where a strong shear region was associated with the change in frontal area. The drag measured on individual trees decreased from the leading edge and reached a constant value at the fifth row and beyond, i.e., in the fully developed region. The drag exhibited a quadratic dependence on velocity, which justified the definition of a quadratic drag coefficient. Once the correct drag length‐scale was defined, the measured drag coefficients collapsed to a single function of Reynolds number. Keywords: Rhizophora mangrove; prop roots; drag force; TKE; coastal protection
Date issued
2017-11
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119430
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Citation
Maza, Maria, Katherine Adler, Diogo Ramos, Adrian Mikhail Garcia, and Heidi Nepf. “Velocity and Drag Evolution From the Leading Edge of a Model Mangrove Forest.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122, 11 (November 2017): 9144–9159 © 2017 American Geophysical Union
Version: Final published version
ISSN
2169-9291

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