All models are wrong, but some organoids may be useful

Abstract

Modeling is an essential part of the scientific method. A model enables us to learn about our surroundings by simplifying a complex observation to a set of principles—conceptual or operational—and, in the process, allows for the extension and testing of ‘observable truths’. In the life sciences, biological models have a particularly long history and still play an essential role. They include small animal models that are used widely in genetics and developmental biology, large animal models for therapeutic development, and cellular models that are used to study disease and to develop new medicines.