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Gravity-darkening Analysis of the Misaligned Hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 b

Author(s)
Ahlers, John P.; Kruse, Ethan; Colón, Knicole D.; Dorval, Patrick; Talens, Geert Jan; Snellen, Ignas; Albrecht, Simon; Otten, Gilles; Ricker, George; Vanderspek, Roland; Latham, David; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua; Jenkins, Jon M.; Haworth, Kari; Cartwright, Scott; Morris, Robert; Rowden, Pam; Tenenbaum, Peter; Ting, Eric B.; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
MASCARA-4 b is a hot Jupiter in a highly misaligned orbit around a rapidly rotating A3V star that was observed for 54 days by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We perform two analyses of MASCARA-4 b using a stellar gravity-darkened model. First, we measure MASCARA-4 b's misaligned orbital configuration by modeling its TESS photometric light curve. We take advantage of the asymmetry in MASCARA-4 b's transit due to its host star's gravity-darkened surface to measure MASCARA-4 b's true spin-orbit angle to be 104°[superscript +7°][subscript -13°]. We also detect a ∼4σ secondary eclipse at 0.491 ± 0.007 orbital phase, proving that the orbit is slightly eccentric. Second, we model MASCARA-4 b's insolation including gravity darkening and find that the planet's received X-ray and ultraviolet flux varies by 4% throughout its orbit. MASCARA-4 b's short-period, polar orbit suggests that the planet likely underwent dramatic orbital evolution to end up in its present-day configuration and that it receives a varying stellar irradiance that perpetually forces the planet out of thermal equilibrium. These findings make MASCARA-4 b an excellent target for follow-up characterization to better understand the orbital evolution and present-day environment of planets around high-mass stars.
Date issued
2020-01
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124707
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics; MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research
Journal
Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Citation
Ahlers, John P., et al. “Gravity-Darkening Analysis of the Misaligned Hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 b.” The Astrophysical Journal 888, 2 (January 2020): 63. © 2020 The American Astronomical Society
Version: Final published version
ISSN
1538-4357

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