On the Steadiness and Instability of the Intermediate Western Boundary Current between 24° and 18°S

Abstract

The Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC) transports Antarctic Intermediate Water across the Vitória-Trindade Ridge (VTR), a seamount chain at ∼20◦ S off Brazil. Recent studies suggest that the IWBC develops a strong cyclonic recirculation in Tubarão Bight, upstream of the VTR, with weak time dependency. We herein use new quasi-synoptic observations, data from the Argo array, and a regional numerical model to describe structure and variablity of the IWBC, and to investigate its dynamics. Both shipboard-ADCP data and trajectories of Argo floats confirm the existence of the IWBC recirculation, which is also captured by our ROMS simulation. An “intermediate-layer” quasi-geostrophic (QG) model indicates that the ROMS time-mean flow is a good proxy for the IWBC steady state, as revealed by largely parallel isolines of streamfunction (¯ψ) and potential vorticity (¯Q); a ¯ψ-¯Q scatter diagram also shows that the IWBC is potentially unstable. Further analysis of the ROMS simulation reveals that remotely-generated, westward-propagating nonlinear eddies are the main source of variability in the region. These eddies enter the domain through the Tubarão Bight eastern edge and strongly interact with the IWBC. As they are advected downstream and negotiate the local topography, the eddies grow explosively through horizontal shear production. ©2019 American Meteorological Society.