Crystal growth and structural analysis of perovskite chalcogenide BaZrS3 and Ruddlesden–Popper phase Ba3Zr2S7

Abstract

Perovskite chalcogenides are gaining substantial interest as an emerging class of semiconductors for optoelectronic applications. High-quality samples are of vital importance to examine their inherent physical properties. We report the successful crystal growth of the model system, BaZrS3 and its Ruddlesden–Popper phase Ba3Zr2S7 by a flux method. X-ray diffraction analyses showed the space group of Pnma with lattice constants of a = 7.056(3) Å, b = 9.962(4) Å, and c = 6.996(3) Å for BaZrS3 and P42/mnm with a = 7.071(2) Å, b = 7.071(2) Å, and c = 25.418(5) Å for Ba3Zr2S7. Rocking curves with full width at half maximum of 0.011° for BaZrS3 and 0.027° for Ba3Zr2S7 were observed. Pole figure analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy images, and electron diffraction patterns also establish the high quality of the grown crystals. The octahedral tilting in the corner-sharing octahedral network is analyzed by extracting the torsion angles.