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A scaling law to determine phase morphologies during ion intercalation

Author(s)
Fraggedakis, Dimitrios; Nadkarni, Neel; Gao, Tao; Zhou, Tingtao; Zhang, Yirui; Han, Yu; Stephens, Ryan M.; Shao-Horn, Yang; Bazant, Martin Z; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
Driven phase separation in ion intercalation materials is known to result in different non-equilibrium phase morphologies, such as intercalation waves and shrinking-core structures, but the mechanisms of pattern selection are poorly understood. Here, based on the idea that the coarsening of the slowest phase is the rate limiting step, we introduce a scaling law that quantifies the transition from quasi-equilibrium intercalation-wave to diffusion-limited shrinking-core behavior. The scaling law is validated by phase-field simulations of single Li[subscript x]CoO[subscript 2] particles, in situ optical imaging of single L[subscript x]C[subscript 6] particles undergoing transitions between stage 1 (x = 1) and 2 (x = 0.5) at different rates, and all the available literature data for single-particle imaging of Li[subscript x]CoO[subscript 2], Li[subscript x]C[subscript 6] and Li[subscript x]FePO[subscript 4]. The results are summarized in operational phase diagrams to guide simulations, experiments, and engineering applications of phase-separating active materials. Implications for Li-ion battery performance and degradation are discussed.
Date issued
2020-05
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129776
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics
Journal
Energy & Environmental Science
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Citation
Fraggedakis, Dimitrios et al. "A scaling law to determine phase morphologies during ion intercalation." Energy & Environmental Science 13, 7 (May 2020): 2142-2152 © 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry
Version: Final published version
ISSN
1754-5692
1754-5706

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