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dc.contributor.authorSunshine, Michael D
dc.contributor.authorCassarà, Antonino M
dc.contributor.authorNeufeld, Esra
dc.contributor.authorGrossman, Nir
dc.contributor.authorMareci, Thomas H
dc.contributor.authorOtto, Kevin J
dc.contributor.authorBoyden, Edward S
dc.contributor.authorFuller, David D
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-27T19:56:28Z
dc.date.available2021-10-27T19:56:28Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/133752
dc.description.abstract© 2021, The Author(s). Respiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death due to drug overdose or neuromuscular disease. We hypothesized that a stimulation paradigm using temporal interference (TI) could restore breathing in such conditions. Following opioid overdose in rats, two high frequency (5000 Hz and 5001 Hz), low amplitude waveforms delivered via intramuscular wires in the neck immediately activated the diaphragm and restored ventilation in phase with waveform offset (1 Hz or 60 breaths/min). Following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), TI stimulation via dorsally placed epidural electrodes uni- or bilaterally activated the diaphragm depending on current and electrode position. In silico modeling indicated that an interferential signal in the ventral spinal cord predicted the evoked response (left versus right diaphragm) and current-ratio-based steering. We conclude that TI stimulation can activate spinal motor neurons after SCI and prevent fatal apnea during drug overdose by restoring ventilation with minimally invasive electrodes.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.relation.isversionof10.1038/s42003-020-01604-x
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceNature
dc.titleRestoration of breathing after opioid overdose and spinal cord injury using temporal interference stimulation
dc.typeArticle
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
dc.contributor.departmentProgram in Media Arts and Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering
dc.contributor.departmentMcGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT
dc.contributor.departmentKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
dc.contributor.departmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute
dc.relation.journalCommunications Biology
dc.eprint.versionFinal published version
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerReviewed
dc.date.updated2021-03-12T15:28:10Z
dspace.orderedauthorsSunshine, MD; Cassarà, AM; Neufeld, E; Grossman, N; Mareci, TH; Otto, KJ; Boyden, ES; Fuller, DD
dspace.date.submission2021-03-12T15:28:12Z
mit.journal.volume4
mit.journal.issue1
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CC
mit.metadata.statusAuthority Work and Publication Information Needed


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