Two photon exchange with nuclei from $$e^+/e^-$$ e + / e - elastic cross section ratios

Abstract

Abstract Hadronic box diagrams pose a significant source of radiative corrections to lepton scattering and

$$\beta $$

β

-decay measurements, yet their calculation remains highly model-dependent. Two-photon exchange is a box diagram generally relevant to most lepton scattering experiments, and is directly detectable via multiple observables. Single-spin asymmetries (SSA) are sensitive to the imaginary part of the TPE amplitude, while the ratio of

$$e^+/e^-$$

e +

/

e -

elastic scattering cross sections is sensitive to the real part of the TPE amplitude. While SSA measurements have been reported for several complex nuclei, measurements of the

$$e^+/e^-$$

e +

/

e -

ratio exist only for the proton. Proposed here is a measurement of the

$$e^+/e^-$$

e +

/

e -

ratio on

$$^4$$

4

He, a feasible nuclear target for which the ratio’s deviation from unity due to TPE is expected to be on order of 1–2%. Choosing a low Z nucleus minimizes Coulomb distortions, which could greatly overwhelm TPE for heavier nuclei. The proposed 19-day program, including measurements at three kinematic settings between

$$0.3< Q^2 < 0.4$$

0.3 <

Q 2

< 0.4

GeV

$$^2$$

2

, would be made possible by the addition of a positron source at Jefferson Lab.