Search for Solar Flare Neutrinos with the KamLAND Detector

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We report the result of a search for neutrinos in coincidence with solar flares from the GOES flare database. The search was performed on a 10.8 kton-year exposure of KamLAND collected from 2002 to 2019. This large exposure allows us to explore previously unconstrained parameter space for solar flare neutrinos. We found no statistical excess of neutrinos and established 90% confidence level upper limits of 8.4 × 10<jats:sup>7</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> (3.0 × 10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>) on the electron antineutrino (electron neutrino) fluence at 20 MeV normalized to the X12 flare, assuming that the neutrino fluence is proportional to the X-ray intensity.</jats:p>