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dc.contributor.authorBazant, Martin Z
dc.contributor.authorKodio, Ousmane
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Alexander E
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Kasim
dc.contributor.authorGu, Zongyu
dc.contributor.authorBush, John WM
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-30T16:39:23Z
dc.date.available2022-09-30T16:39:23Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145627
dc.description.abstractA new guideline for mitigating indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19 prescribes a limit on the time spent in a shared space with an infected individual (Bazant & Bush, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 118, issue 17, 2021, e2018995118). Here, we rephrase this safety guideline in terms of occupancy time and mean exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in an indoor space, thereby enabling the use of CO2 monitors in the risk assessment of airborne transmission of respiratory diseases. While CO2 concentration is related to airborne pathogen concentration (Rudnick & Milton, Indoor Air, vol. 13, issue 3, 2003, pp. 237–245), the guideline developed here accounts for the different physical processes affecting their evolution, such as enhanced pathogen production from vocal activity and pathogen removal via face-mask use, filtration, sedimentation and deactivation. Critically, transmission risk depends on the total infectious dose, so necessarily depends on both the pathogen concentration and exposure time. The transmission risk is also modulated by the fractions of susceptible, infected and immune people within a population, which evolve as the pandemic runs its course. A mathematical model is developed that enables a prediction of airborne transmission risk from real-time CO2 measurements. Illustrative examples of implementing our guideline are presented using data from CO2 monitoring in university classrooms and office spaces.en_US
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherCambridge University Press (CUP)en_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.1017/FLO.2021.10en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licenseen_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceCambridge University Pressen_US
dc.titleMonitoring carbon dioxide to quantify the risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationBazant, Martin Z, Kodio, Ousmane, Cohen, Alexander E, Khan, Kasim, Gu, Zongyu et al. 2021. "Monitoring carbon dioxide to quantify the risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19." Flow, 1.
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematicsen_US
dc.relation.journalFlowen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dc.date.updated2022-09-30T16:20:21Z
dspace.orderedauthorsBazant, MZ; Kodio, O; Cohen, AE; Khan, K; Gu, Z; Bush, JWMen_US
dspace.date.submission2022-09-30T16:20:23Z
mit.journal.volume1en_US
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CC
mit.metadata.statusAuthority Work and Publication Information Neededen_US


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