Nucleocapsid-specific antibody function is associated with therapeutic benefit from Covid-19 Convalescent plasma therapy
Author(s)
Herman, Jonathan D; Wang, Chuangqi; Burke, John Stephen; Zur, Yonatan; Compere, Hacheming; Kang, Jaewon; Macvicar, Ryan; Taylor, Sabian; Shin, Sally; Frank, Ian; Siegel, Don; Tebas, Pablo; Choi, Grace H; Shaw, Pamela A; Yoon, Hyunah; Pirofski, Liise-anne; Julg, Boris D; Bar, Katharine J; Lauffenburger, Douglas; Alter, Galit; ... Show more Show less
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP), a passive polyclonal antibody therapeutic agent, has had mixed clinical results. Although antibody neutralization is the predominant approach to benchmarking CCP efficacy, CCP may also influence the evolution of the endogenous antibody response. Using systems serology to comprehensively profile severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) functional antibodies of hospitalized people with COVID-19 enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of CCP (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04397757), we find that the clinical benefits of CCP are associated with a shift toward reduced inflammatory Spike (S) responses and enhanced nucleocapsid (N) humoral responses. We find that CCP has the greatest clinical benefit in participants with low pre-existing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody function and that CCP-induced immunomodulatory Fc glycan profiles and N immunodominant profiles persist for at least 2 months. We highlight a potential mechanism of action of CCP associated with durable immunomodulation, outline optimal patient characteristics for CCP treatment, and provide guidance for development of a different class of COVID-19 hyperinflammation-targeting antibody therapeutic agents.
Date issued
2022Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological EngineeringJournal
Cell Reports Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Citation
Herman, Jonathan D, Wang, Chuangqi, Burke, John Stephen, Zur, Yonatan, Compere, Hacheming et al. 2022. "Nucleocapsid-specific antibody function is associated with therapeutic benefit from Covid-19 Convalescent plasma therapy." Cell Reports Medicine, 3 (11).
Version: Final published version