Human nerve distribution and density around the carotid artery bifurcation

Abstract

Modulation of the autonomic nervous system represents an attractive treatment target for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure and atrial fibrillation [1]. Stretch-sensitive baroreceptors in the carotid sinus contribute to short- and long-term blood pressure regulation. Increased wall strain due to high blood pressure increases the activity of arterial baroreceptors and thereby reduces sympathetic outflow and total peripheral resistance [3, 5]. Stimulation of the carotid baroreflex using electrical properties or a stent-like device is currently under clinical investigation in heart failure and hypertension [1]. Detailed knowledge about the nerves running along the carotid arteries is essential to identify attractive treatment targets and locations and to further refine existing technologies and techniques. Here, we analyzed the nerves traveling along the human carotid arteries.