3. Micro-inequities, Micro-agressions, and Micro-affirmations
Micro-inequities: The term “micro-inequities” is an extension of Professor Chester Pierce’s original 1970 work on racist micro-aggressions—everyday, subtle, intentional or unintentional interactions or behaviors that are perceived to communicate bias and/or hostility. In 1973, Mary Rowe’s original definition of micro-inequities was: “apparently small events which are often ephemeral and hard-to-prove, events which are covert, often unintentional, frequently unrecognized by the perpetrator, which occur wherever people are perceived to be ‘different.’” Her definition was later expanded to include a yet-wider set of all micro-events whose effects are perceived to be unfair, whether or not “aggressive.”
Micro-affirmations: Rowe defined this term in 1973 as“apparently small acts, which are often ephemeral and hard-to-see, events that are public and private, often unconscious but very effective, which occur wherever people wish to help others to succeed.”
Recent Submissions
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Gender Microinequities
(SAGE Publications, 2017-07)Despite laws, regulations, and policies promoting gender equity, and some progress in education and employment settings, gender discrimination continues. Much gender bias is subtle, covert, and usually not legally actionable, ... -
A Reappraisal — The Nature and Value of Ombudsmen in Federal Agencies, Part 1: Executive Summary
(Administrative Conference of the United States, 2016-11-14) -
Unconscious Bias: May Micro-Affirmations Provide One Answer?
(MIT Institute for Work and Employment Research, 2015-02)