States of an Ensemble of Two-Level Atoms with Reduced Quantum Uncertainty

Abstract

We generate entangled states of an ensemble of 5×10[superscript 4] [superscript 87]Rb atoms by optical quantum nondemolition measurement. The resonator-enhanced measurement leaves the atomic ensemble, prepared in a superposition of hyperfine clock levels, in a squeezed spin state. By comparing the resulting reduction of quantum projection noise [up to 8.8(8) dB] with the concomitant reduction of coherence, we demonstrate a clock input state with spectroscopic sensitivity 3.0(8) dB beyond the standard quantum limit.