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Informational lesions: optical perturbation of spike timing and neural synchrony via microbial opsin gene fusions

Author(s)
Han, Xue; Qian, Xiaofeng; Stern, Patrick; Chuong, Amy S.; Boyden, Edward
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Abstract
Synchronous neural activity occurs throughout the brain in association with normal and pathological brain functions. Despite theoretical work exploring how such neural coordination might facilitate neural computation and be corrupted in disease states, it has proven difficult to test experimentally the causal role of synchrony in such phenomena. Attempts to manipulate neural synchrony often alter other features of neural activity such as firing rate. Here we evaluate a single gene which encodes for the blue-light gated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 and the yellow-light driven chloride pump halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis, linked by a ‘self-cleaving’ 2A peptide. This fusion enables proportional expression of both opsins, sensitizing neurons to being bi-directionally controlled with blue and yellow light, facilitating proportional optical spike insertion and deletion upon delivery of trains of precisely-timed blue and yellow light pulses. Such approaches may enable more detailed explorations of the causal role of specific features of the neural code.
Date issued
2009-07
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58588
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT; Program in Media Arts and Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
Journal
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
Publisher
Frontiers Research Foundation
Citation
Han X, Qian X, Stern P, Chuong AS and Boyden ES (2009). Informational lesions: optical perturbation of spike timing and neural synchrony via microbial opsin gene fusions. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2:12. doi: 10.3389/neuro.02.012.2009
Version: Final published version
ISSN
1662-5099
Keywords
optogenetics, channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, fusion protein, synchrony

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