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dc.contributor.authorMohtashemi, Mojdeh
dc.date.accessioned2011-07-20T19:42:24Z
dc.date.available2011-07-20T19:42:24Z
dc.date.issued2010-01
dc.date.submitted2008-11
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64937
dc.description.abstractThe re-emergence of tuberculosis (TB) in the mid-1980s in many parts of the world, including the United States, is often attributed to the emergence and rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although it is well established that TB transmission is particularly amplified in populations with high HIV prevalence, the epidemiology of interaction between TB and HIV is not well understood. This is partly due to the scarcity of HIV-related data, a consequence of the voluntary nature of HIV status reporting and testing, and partly due to current practices of screening high risk populations through separate surveillance programs for HIV and TB. The San Francisco Department of Public Health, TB Control Program, has been conducting active surveillance among the San Francisco high-risk populations since the early 1990s. We present extensive TB surveillance data on HIV and TB infection among the San Francisco homeless to investigate the association between the TB cases and their HIV+ contacts. We applied wavelet coherence and phase analyses to the TB surveillance data from January 1993 through December 2005, to establish and quantify statistical association and synchrony in the highly non-stationary and ostensibly non-periodic waves of TB cases and their HIV+ contacts in San Francisco. When stratified by homelessness, we found that the evolution of TB cases and their HIV+ contacts is highly coherent over time and locked in phase at a specific periodic scale among the San Francisco homeless, but no significant association was observed for the non-homeless. This study confirms the hypothesis that the dynamics of HIV and TB are significantly intertwined and that HIV is likely a key factor in the sustenance of TB transmission among the San Francisco homeless. The findings of this study underscore the importance of contact tracing in detection of HIV+ individuals that may otherwise remain undetected, and thus highlights the ever-increasing need for HIV-related data and an integrative approach to monitoring high-risk populations with respect to HIV and TB transmission.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMitre Corporationen_US
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008851en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attributionen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/en_US
dc.sourcePLoSen_US
dc.titleEmpirical Evidence for Synchrony in the Evolution of TB Cases and HIV plus Contacts among the San Francisco Homelessen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationMohtashemi, Mojdeh, and L. Masae Kawamura. “Empirical Evidence for Synchrony in the Evolution of TB Cases and HIV+ Contacts Among the San Francisco Homeless.” Ed. Srikanth Tripathy. PLoS ONE 5.1 (2010) : e8851.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratoryen_US
dc.contributor.approverMohtashemi, Mojdeh
dc.contributor.mitauthorMohtashemi, Mojdeh
dc.relation.journalPLoS ONEen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dspace.orderedauthorsMohtashemi, Mojdeh; Kawamura, L. Masaeen
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CCen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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