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Brownian force noise from molecular collisions and the sensitivity of advanced gravitational wave observatories

Author(s)
Weiss, Rainer; Dolesi, R.; Hueller, M.; Nicolodi, D.; Tombolato, D.; Vitale, S.; Wass, P. J.; Gundlach, J. H.; Hagedorn, C. A.; Schlamminger, S.; Ciani, G.; Cavalleri, A.; Evans, Matthew J; Fritschel, Peter K; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
We present an analysis of Brownian force noise from residual gas damping of reference test masses as a fundamental sensitivity limit in small force experiments. The resulting acceleration noise increases significantly when the distance of the test mass to the surrounding experimental apparatus is smaller than the dimension of the test mass itself. For the Advanced LIGO interferometric gravitational wave observatory, where the relevant test mass is a suspended 340 mm diameter cylindrical end mirror, the force noise power is increased by roughly a factor 40 by the presence of a similarly shaped reaction mass at a nominal separation of 5 mm. The force noise, of order 20  fN/Hz[superscript 1/2] for 2×10[superscript -6]  Pa of residual H[subscript 2] gas, rivals quantum optical fluctuations as the dominant noise source between 10 and 30 Hz. We present here a numerical and analytical analysis for the gas damping force noise for Advanced LIGO, backed up by experimental evidence from several recent measurements. Finally, we discuss the impact of residual gas damping on the gravitational wave sensitivity and possible mitigation strategies.
Description
This article has been assigned LIGO document number p1100093.
Date issued
2011-09
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68661
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics; LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology); MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research
Journal
Physical Review D
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Citation
Dolesi, R. et al. “Brownian force noise from molecular collisions and the sensitivity of advanced gravitational wave observatories.” Physical Review D 84.6 (2011): n. pag. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. © 2011 American Physical Society
Version: Final published version
ISSN
1550-7998
1089-4918

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