Aligned Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement of Aerospace Carbon Fiber Composites: Substructural Strength Evaluation for Aerostructure Applications

Abstract

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are placed between all plies in an aerospace carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminate (unidirectional plies, [(0/90/±45)2]s) to reinforce the interlaminar region in the z-direction. Significant improvement in Mode I and II interlaminar toughness have been observed previously. In this work, several substructural in-plane strength tests relevant to aerostructures were undertaken: bolt/tension-bearing, open hole compression, and L-shape laminate bending. Improvements are observed for the nanostitched samples: critical bearing strength by 30%, open-hole compression ultimate strength by 10%, and L-shape laminate energy (via increased deflection) of 40%. The mechanism of reinforcement is not compliant interlayer creation, but rather is a fiberstitching mechanism, as no increase in interlayer thickness occurs with the nanostitches. Unlike traditional (large-fiber/tow/pin) stitching or z-pinning techniques that damage inplane fibers and reduce laminate in-plane strengths, the nano-scale CNT-based ‘stitches’ improve in-plane strength, demonstrating the potential of such an architecture for aerospace structural applications. The quality of VACNT transfer to the prepreg laminates has not been optimized and therefore the noted enhancement to strength may be considered conservative. Ongoing work has been undertaken to both improve VACNT transfer and expand the data set.