Ena/VASP Proteins Regulate Cortical Neuronal Positioning

Abstract

Development of the multilayered cerebral cortex involves extensive regulated migration of neurons arising from the deeper germinative layers of the mammalian brain [1]. The anatomy and formation of the cortical layers has been well characterized; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms that control the migration and the final positioning of neurons within the cortex remain poorly understood 2 and 3. Here, we report evidence for a key role of Ena/VASP proteins, a protein family implicated in the spatial control of actin assembly [4] and previously shown to negatively regulate fibroblast cell speeds [5], in cortical development. Ena/VASP proteins are highly expressed in the developing cortical plate in cells bordering Reelin-expressing Cajal-Retzius cells and in the intermediate zone through which newly born cells migrate. Inhibition of Ena/VASP function through retroviral injections in utero led to aberrant placement of early-born pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers of both the embryonic and the postnatal cortex in a cell-autonomous fashion. The abnormally placed pyramidal neurons exhibited grossly normal morphology and polarity. Our results are consistent with a model in which Ena/VASP proteins function in vivo to control the position of neurons in the mouse neocortex.