End-to-end continuous flow synthesis and purification of diphenhydramine hydrochloride featuring atom economy, in-line separation, and flow of molten ammonium salts
Author(s)
Snead, David R.; Jamison, Timothy F.
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A continuous end-to-end synthesis and purification of diphenhydramine hydrochloride featuring atom economy and waste minimization is described. Combining a 1 : 1 molar ratio of the two starting material streams (chlorodiphenylmethane and N,N-dimethylaminoethanol) in the absence of additional solvent at high temperature gives the target compound directly as a molten salt (ionic liquid above 168 °C) in high yield. This represents the first example of continuous active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production in this manner. Six of the twelve principles of green chemistry as defined by the American Chemical Society are achieved, most prominently waste minimization and atom economy.
Date issued
2013-05Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of ChemistryJournal
Chemical Science
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Citation
Snead, David R., and Timothy F. Jamison. “End-to-End Continuous Flow Synthesis and Purification of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Featuring Atom Economy, in-Line Separation, and Flow of Molten Ammonium Salts.” Chemical Science 4, no. 7 (2013): 2822.
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
2041-6520
2041-6539