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dc.contributor.authorStraneo, Fiammetta
dc.contributor.authorHeimbach, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorSergienko, Olga
dc.contributor.authorHamilton, Gordon
dc.contributor.authorCatania, Ginny
dc.contributor.authorGriffies, Stephen
dc.contributor.authorHallberg, Robert
dc.contributor.authorJenkins, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorJoughin, Ian
dc.contributor.authorMotyka, Roman
dc.contributor.authorPfeffer, W. Tad
dc.contributor.authorPrice, Stephen F.
dc.contributor.authorRignot, Eric
dc.contributor.authorScambos, Ted
dc.contributor.authorTruffer, Martin
dc.contributor.authorVieli, Andreas
dc.date.accessioned2014-06-13T19:01:03Z
dc.date.available2014-06-13T19:01:03Z
dc.date.issued2013-08
dc.date.submitted2012-12
dc.identifier.issn0003-0007
dc.identifier.issn1520-0477
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87785
dc.description.abstractThe recent retreat and speedup of outlet glaciers, as well as enhanced surface melting around the ice sheet margin, have increased Greenland's contribution to sea level rise to 0.6 ± 0.1 mm yr[superscript −1] and its discharge of freshwater into the North Atlantic. The widespread, near-synchronous glacier retreat, and its coincidence with a period of oceanic and atmospheric warming, suggests a common climate driver. Evidence points to the marine margins of these glaciers as the region from which changes propagated inland. Yet, the forcings and mechanisms behind these dynamic responses are poorly understood and are either missing or crudely parameterized in climate and ice sheet models. Resulting projected sea level rise contributions from Greenland by 2100 remain highly uncertain. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights key physical aspects of Greenland's coupled ice sheet–ocean–atmosphere system. Three research thrusts are identified to yield fundamental insights into ice sheet, ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere interactions, their role in Earth's climate system, and probable trajectories of future changes: 1) focused process studies addressing critical glacier, ocean, atmosphere, and coupled dynamics; 2) sustained observations at key sites; and 3) inclusion of relevant dynamics in Earth system models. Understanding the dynamic response of Greenland's glaciers to climate forcing constitutes both a scientific and technological frontier, given the challenges of obtaining the appropriate measurements from the glaciers' marine termini and the complexity of the dynamics involved, including the coupling of the ocean, atmosphere, glacier, and sea ice systems. Interdisciplinary and international cooperation are crucial to making progress on this novel and complex problem.en_US
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Meteorological Societyen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00100.1en_US
dc.rightsArticle is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.en_US
dc.sourceAmerican Meteorological Societyen_US
dc.titleChallenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland's Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcingen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationStraneo, Fiammetta, Patrick Heimbach, Olga Sergienko, Gordon Hamilton, Ginny Catania, Stephen Griffies, Robert Hallberg, et al. “Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland’s Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing.” Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94, no. 8 (August 2013): 1131–1144. © 2013 American Meteorological Societyen_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciencesen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorHeimbach, Patricken_US
dc.relation.journalBulletin of the American Meteorological Societyen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dspace.orderedauthorsStraneo, Fiammetta; Heimbach, Patrick; Sergienko, Olga; Hamilton, Gordon; Catania, Ginny; Griffies, Stephen; Hallberg, Robert; Jenkins, Adrian; Joughin, Ian; Motyka, Roman; Pfeffer, W. Tad; Price, Stephen F.; Rignot, Eric; Scambos, Ted; Truffer, Martin; Vieli, Andreasen_US
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-6161
mit.licensePUBLISHER_POLICYen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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