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dc.contributor.authorSun, Lijun
dc.contributor.authorAxhausen, Kay W.
dc.contributor.authorLee, Der-Horng
dc.contributor.authorCebrian, Manuel
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-08T20:54:34Z
dc.date.available2014-07-08T20:54:34Z
dc.date.issued2014-06
dc.date.submitted2014-02
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88222
dc.description.abstractPhysical contact remains difficult to trace in large metropolitan networks, though it is a key vehicle for the transmission of contagious outbreaks. Co-presence encounters during daily transit use provide us with a city-scale time-resolved physical contact network, consisting of 1 billion contacts among 3 million transit users. Here, we study the advantage that knowledge of such co-presence structures may provide for early detection of contagious outbreaks. We first examine the “friend sensor” scheme - a simple, but universal strategy requiring only local information - and demonstrate that it provides significant early detection of simulated outbreaks. Taking advantage of the full network structure, we then identify advanced “global sensor sets”, obtaining substantial early warning times savings over the friends sensor scheme. Individuals with highest number of encounters are the most efficient sensors, with performance comparable to individuals with the highest travel frequency, exploratory behavior and structural centrality. An efficiency balance emerges when testing the dependency on sensor size and evaluating sensor reliability; we find that substantial and reliable lead-time could be attained by monitoring only 0.01% of the population with the highest degree.en_US
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherNature Publishing Groupen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05099en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0en_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/en_US
dc.sourceNature Publishing Groupen_US
dc.titleEfficient detection of contagious outbreaks in massive metropolitan encounter networksen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationSun, Lijun, Kay W. Axhausen, Der-Horng Lee, and Manuel Cebrian. “Efficient Detection of Contagious Outbreaks in Massive Metropolitan Encounter Networks.” Sci. Rep. 4 (June 6, 2014).en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratoryen_US
dc.contributor.mitauthorSun, Lijunen_US
dc.relation.journalScientific Reportsen_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dspace.orderedauthorsSun, Lijun; Axhausen, Kay W.; Lee, Der-Horng; Cebrian, Manuelen_US
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CCen_US
mit.metadata.statusComplete


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