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Structural and mechanistic studies of polymerase η bypass of phenanthriplatin DNA damage

Author(s)
Gregory, Mark T.; Park, Ga Young; Johnstone, Timothy; Lee, Young-Sam; Yang, Wei; Lippard, Stephen J.; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
Platinum drugs are a mainstay of anticancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, tumors often display inherent or acquired resistance to platinum-based treatments, prompting the search for new compounds that do not exhibit cross-resistance with current therapies. Phenanthriplatin, cis-diamminephenanthridinechloroplatinum(II), is a potent monofunctional platinum complex that displays a spectrum of activity distinct from those of the clinically approved platinum drugs. Inhibition of RNA polymerases by phenanthriplatin lesions has been implicated in its mechanism of action. The present study evaluates the ability of phenanthriplatin lesions to inhibit DNA replication, a function disrupted by traditional platinum drugs. Phenanthriplatin lesions effectively inhibit DNA polymerases ν, ζ, and κ and the Klenow fragment. In contrast to results obtained with DNA damaged by cisplatin, all of these polymerases were capable of inserting a base opposite a phenanthriplatin lesion, but only Pol η, an enzyme efficient in translesion synthesis, was able to fully bypass the adduct, albeit with low efficiency. X-ray structural characterization of Pol η complexed with site-specifically platinated DNA at both the insertion and +1 extension steps reveals that phenanthriplatin on DNA interacts with and inhibits Pol η in a manner distinct from that of cisplatin-DNA adducts. Unlike cisplatin and oxaliplatin, the efficacies of which are influenced by Pol η expression, phenanthriplatin is highly toxic to both Pol η+ and Pol η− cells. Given that increased expression of Pol η is a known mechanism by which cells resist cisplatin treatment, phenanthriplatin may be valuable in the treatment of cancers that are, or can easily become, resistant to cisplatin.
Date issued
2014-06
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92784
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
Citation
Gregory, Mark T., Ga Young Park, Timothy C. Johnstone, Young-Sam Lee, Wei Yang, and Stephen J. Lippard. “Structural and Mechanistic Studies of Polymerase η Bypass of Phenanthriplatin DNA Damage.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 25 (June 9, 2014): 9133–9138.
Version: Final published version
ISSN
0027-8424
1091-6490

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