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Stepwise Unfolding of a β Barrel Protein by the AAA+ ClpXP Protease

Author(s)
Nager, Andrew Ross; Sauer, Robert T.; Baker, Tania
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Abstract
In the AAA+ ClpXP protease, ClpX uses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to unfold proteins before translocating them into ClpP for degradation. For proteins with C-terminal ssrA tags, ClpXP pulls on the tag to initiate unfolding and subsequent degradation. Here, we demonstrate that an initial step in ClpXP unfolding of the 11-stranded β barrel of superfolder GFP-ssrA involves extraction of the C-terminal β strand. The resulting 10-stranded intermediate is populated at low ATP concentrations, which stall ClpXP unfolding, and at high ATP concentrations, which support robust degradation. To determine if stable unfolding intermediates cause low-ATP stalling, we designed and characterized circularly permuted GFP variants. Notably, stalling was observed for a variant that formed a stable 10-stranded intermediate but not for one in which this intermediate was unstable. A stepwise degradation model in which the rates of terminal-strand extraction, strand refolding or recapture, and unfolding of the 10-stranded intermediate all depend on the rate of ATP hydrolysis by ClpXP accounts for the observed changes in degradation kinetics over a broad range of ATP concentrations. Our results suggest that the presence or absence of unfolding intermediates will play important roles in determining whether forced enzymatic unfolding requires a minimum rate of ATP hydrolysis.
Date issued
2011-07
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99171
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology
Journal
Journal of Molecular Biology
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Nager, Andrew R., Tania A. Baker, and Robert T. Sauer. “Stepwise Unfolding of a β Barrel Protein by the AAA+ ClpXP Protease.” Journal of Molecular Biology 413, no. 1 (October 2011): 4–16.
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
00222836
1089-8638

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