The influence of scaffold elasticity on germ layer specification of human embryonic stem cells
Author(s)
Lee, Christopher Y.; Levenberg, Shulamit; Karagiannis, Emmanouil; Anderson, Daniel Griffith; Zoldan, Janeta; Langer, Robert S; ... Show more Show less
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Mechanical forces are critical to embryogenesis, specifically, in the lineage-specification gastrulation phase, whereupon the embryo is transformed from a simple spherical ball of cells to a multi-layered organism, containing properly organized endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm germ layers. Several reports have proposed that such directed and coordinated movements of large cell collectives are driven by cellular responses to cell deformations and cell-generated forces. To better understand these environmental-induced cell changes, we have modeled the germ layer formation process by culturing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on three dimensional (3D) scaffolds with stiffness engineered to model that found in specific germ layers. We show that differentiation to each germ layer was promoted by a different stiffness threshold of the scaffolds, reminiscent of the forces exerted during the gastrulation process. The overall results suggest that three dimensional (3D) scaffolds can recapitulate the mechanical stimuli required for directing hESC differentiation and that these stimuli can play a significant role in determining hESC fate.
Date issued
2011-10Department
Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MITJournal
Biomaterials
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Zoldan, Janet, Emmanouil D. Karagiannis, Christopher Y. Lee, Daniel G. Anderson, Robert Langer, and Shulamit Levenberg. “The Influence of Scaffold Elasticity on Germ Layer Specification of Human Embryonic Stem Cells.” Biomaterials 32, no. 36 (December 2011): 9612–9621.
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
01429612
1878-5905