Studying Regioisomer Formation in the Pd-Catalyzed Fluorination of Aryl Triflates by Deuterium Labeling

Abstract

Isotopic labeling has been used to determine that a portion of the desired product in the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of electron-rich, non-ortho-substituted aryl triflates results from direct C–F cross-coupling. In some cases, formation of a Pd-aryne intermediate is responsible for producing undesired regioisomers. The generation of the Pd-aryne intermediate occurs primarily via ortho-deprotonation of a L·Pd(Ar)OTf (L = biaryl monophosphine) species by CsF and thus competes directly with the transmetalation step of the catalytic cycle. Deuterium labeling studies were conducted with a variety of aryl triflates.