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Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Author(s)
McMahan, Katherine; Yu, Jingyou; Mercado, Noe B.; Loos, Carolin; Tostanoski, Lisa H.; Chandrashekar, Abishek; Liu, Jinyan; Peter, Lauren; Atyeo, Caroline; Zhu, Alex Lee; Bondzie, Esther A.; Dagotto, Gabriel; Gebre, Makda S.; Jacob-Dolan, Catherine; Li, Zhenfeng; Nampanya, Felix; Patel, Shivani; Pessaint, Laurent; Van Ry, Alex; Blade, Kelvin; Yalley-Ogunro, Jake; Cabus, Mehtap; Brown, Renita; Cook, Anthony; Teow, Elyse; Andersen, Hanne; Lewis, Mark G.; Lauffenburger, Douglas A; Alter, Galit; Barouch, Dan H.; ... Show more Show less
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Abstract
Recent studies have reported the protective efficacy of both natural1 and vaccine-induced2–7 immunity against challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in rhesus macaques. However, the importance of humoral and cellular immunity for protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2 remains to be determined. Here we show that the adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) protects naive recipient macaques against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent fashion. Depletion of CD8+ T cells in convalescent macaques partially abrogated the protective efficacy of natural immunity against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2, which suggests a role for cellular immunity in the context of waning or subprotective antibody titres. These data demonstrate that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques, and that cellular immune responses may contribute to protection if antibody responses are suboptimal. We also show that higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques. These findings have implications for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and immune-based therapeutic agents.
Date issued
2020-12
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131122
Department
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering
Journal
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Citation
McMahan, Katherine et al. "Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques." Nature 590, 7847 (December 2020): 630–634 © 2020 The Author(s).
Version: Author's final manuscript
ISSN
0028-0836
1476-4687

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