Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen
Author(s)
Aguilar, M.; Cavasonza, L. Ali; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Barao, F.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Başeğmez-du Pree, S.; Battiston, R.; Behlmann, M.; Beranek, B.; Berdugo, J.; Bertucci, B.; Bindi, V.; Bollweg, K.; Borgia, B.; Boschini, M. J.; Bourquin, M.; Bueno, E. F.; Burger, J.; Burger, W. J.; Burmeister, S.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, G. R.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chou, H. Y.; Chouridou, S.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C. H.; Clark, C.; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; Delgado, C.; Della Torre, S.; Demirköz, M. B.; Derome, L.; Di Falco, S.; Di Felice, V.; Díaz, C.; Dimiccoli, F.; von Doetinchem, P.; Dong, F.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Feng, J.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P.; Formato, V.; Freeman, C.; Gámez, C.; García-López, R. J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gervasi, M.; Giovacchini, F.; Gómez-Coral, D. M.; Gong, J.; Goy, C.; Grabski, V.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Haino, S.; Han, K. C.; Hashmani, R. K.; He, Z. H.; Heber, B.; Hsieh, T. H.; Hu, J. Y.; Incagli, M.; Jang, W. Y.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Khiali, B.; Kim, G. N.; Kirn, Th.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Krasnopevtsev, D.; Kuhlman, A.; Kulemzin, A.; La Vacca, G.; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, H. T.; Lee, S. C.; Li, J. Q.; Li, M.; Li, Q.; Li, S.; Li, J. H.; Li, Z. H.; Liang, J.; Light, C.; Lin, C. H.; Lippert, T.; Liu, J. H.; Liu, Z.; Lu, S. Q.; Lu, Y. S.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Luo, J. Z.; Luo, Xi; Machate, F.; Mañá, C.; Marín, J.; Marquardt, J.; Martin, T.; Martínez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meng, Q.; Mikhailov, V. V.; Molero, M.; Mott, P.; Mussolin, L.; Negrete, J.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palermo, M.; Palmonari, F.; Paniccia, M.; Pashnin, A.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pensotti, S.; Phan, H. D.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Poluianov, S.; Qin, X.; Qu, Z. Y.; Quadrani, L.; Rancoita, P. G.; Rapin, D.; Conde, A. Reina; Robyn, E.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R.; Schael, S.; von Dratzig, A. Schulz; Schwering, G.; Seo, E. S.; Shakfa, Z.; Shan, B. S.; Siedenburg, T.; Solano, C.; Song, J. W.; Song, X. J.; Sonnabend, R.; Strigari, L.; Su, T.; Sun, Q.; Sun, Z. T.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, X. W.; Tang, Z. C.; Tian, J.; Ting, Samuel C. C.; Ting, S. M.; Tomassetti, N.; Torsti, J.; Tüysüz, C.; Urban, T.; Usoskin, I.; Vagelli, V.; Vainio, R.; Valencia-Otero, M.; Valente, E.; Valtonen, E.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Vialle, J. P.; Wang, C. X.; Wang, L.; Wang, L. Q.; Wang, N. H.; Wang, Q. L.; Wang, S.; Wang, X.; Wang, Yu; Wang, Z. M.; Wei, J.; Weng, Z. L.; Wu, H.; Xiong, R. Q.; Xu, W.; Yan, Q.; Yang, Y.; Yashin, I. I.; Yi, H.; Yu, Y. M.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zannoni, M.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, F. Z.; Zhang, J. H.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, F.; Zheng, C.; Zheng, Z. M.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zhukov, V.; Zichichi, A.; Zuccon, P.; ... Show more Show less![Thumbnail](/bitstream/handle/1721.1/141734.2/PhysRevLett.127.021101.pdf.jpg?sequence=2&isAllowed=y)
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We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We found that Na and Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong to a distinct cosmic ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar to the N flux, both the Na flux and Al flux are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component (proportional to the silicon flux) and a secondary cosmic ray component (proportional to the fluorine flux). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity for the N, Na, and Al fluxes and becomes dominant at the highest rigidities. The Na/Si and Al/Si abundance ratios at the source, 0.036±0.003 for Na/Si and 0.103±0.004 for Al/Si, are determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
Date issued
2021-07Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical EngineeringJournal
Physical Review Letters
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Citation
2021. "Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen." Physical Review Letters, 127 (2).
Version: Final published version
ISSN
0031-9007
1079-7114
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