Browsing MIT Open Access Articles by Author "Eastham, Sebastian David"
Now showing items 1-10 of 10
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Air pollution impacts of COVID-19–related containment measures
(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2021-05)Responses to the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in one of the largest short-term decreases in anthropogenic emissions in modern history. To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the impact of lockdowns on air ... -
Country- and manufacturer-level attribution of air quality impacts due to excess NOx emissions from diesel passenger vehicles in Europe
(Elsevier BV, 2018-09)In 2015, diesel cars accounted for 41.3% of the total passenger car fleet in Europe. While harmonized emissions limits are implemented at the EU level, on-road emissions of diesel cars have been found to be up to 16 times ... -
Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM)
(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2018-07)The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) is designed for analyzing the global environmental changes that may result from anthropogenic causes, quantifying the uncertainties associated ... -
Impacts of multi-layer overlap on contrail radiative forcing
(Copernicus GmbH, 2021-02)Condensation trails ("contrails") which form behind aircraft are estimated to cause on the order of 50 % of the total climate forcing of aviation, matching the total impact of all accumulated aviation-attributable CO2. The ... -
Marginal climate and air quality costs of aviation emissions
(IOP Publishing, 2019-11)Aviation emissions have been found to cause 5% of global anthropogenic radiative forcing and ∼16 000 premature deaths annually due to impaired air quality. When aiming to reduce these impacts, decision makers often face ... -
Mortality tradeoff between air quality and skin cancer from changes in stratospheric ozone
(IOP Publishing, 2018-03)Skin cancer mortality resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion has been widely studied. Similarly, there is a deep body of literature on surface ozone and its health impacts, with modeling and observational studies ... -
Post-combustion emissions control in aero-gas turbine engines
(Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2020-12)Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from aircraft cause air quality degradation and climate change. Efforts to improve the efficiency of aircraft propulsion systems are leading to small, power-dense engine cores with higher ... -
Quantifying the impact of sulfate geoengineering on mortality from air quality and UV-B exposure
(Elsevier BV, 2018-08)Sulfate geoengineering is a proposed method to partially counteract the global radiative forcing from accumulated greenhouse gases, potentially mitigating some impacts of climate change. While likely to be effective in ... -
Reducing Uncertainty in Contrail Radiative Forcing Resulting from Uncertainty in Ice Crystal Properties
(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2020-03)The radiative forcing resulting from condensation clouds behind aircraft (“contrails”) has been estimated to have an effect on the same order of magnitude as all accumulated aviation-attributable CO2. However, contrail ... -
The role of plume-scale processes in long-term impacts of aircraft emissions
(Copernicus GmbH, 2020-05)Emissions from aircraft engines contribute to atmospheric NOx, driving changes in both the climate and in surface air quality. Existing atmospheric models typically assume instant dilution of emissions into large-scale ...
